Download Microbiology Unit Study Sheet Test Date

Microbiology Unit Study Sheet
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Test Date: __________
Microbes: organisms that individually are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Prokaryotes: Organisms that do not have genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
Eukaryotes: Organisms that do have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
Archaea, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi: the four kingdoms that include most microbes
Archaea: a kingdom of bacteria-like organisms that have some traits not found in any true
bacteria. Many archaea are extremophiles, which live in very harsh environments such as
salt-mats, boiling water, and methane pools.
Eubacteria: a kingdom of single-celled prokaryotic organisms. Eubacteria come in three
basic shapes: rods, spheres, and spirals.
Protist: a kingdom of mostly single-celled organisms that includes algae, protozoa, and slime
molds: the three main groups of the kingdom of Protists
Fungi: a kingdom of mostly multi-cellular organisms that cannot make their own food. Mold,
mildew, mushrooms, and yeasts belong to the fungi kingdom. Fungi produce filaments called
hyphae. Masses of hyphae make up the body of the fungus. Mushrooms are reproductive
structures.
Viruses: Infectious agents that consist mainly of a protein coat surrounding DNA or RNA.
There is much debate as to whether viruses are living or not.
Viroids: strings of plain or naked RNA that can infect organisms
Prions: proteins that can infect organisms
Cilia: the hair-like structures that propel some microbes
Flagella: the whip-like tails that propel some microbes
Pseudopods/false feet: extensions of cytoplasm that move amoeboid protozoa and allow
them to engulf their food
Photosynthetic organisms: Organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis
Nucleus: a central compartment that encloses some organisms’ genetic material
Stationary: organisms that cannot move on their own
Extremophiles: types of archaea that can live in extremely harsh conditions
Protozoa: animal-like protists. Protozoans ingest their food by engulfing or absorbing it. The
amoeba and paramecium are examples of protozoans.
Vacuoles: stomach-like compartments found in individual cells, as well as single-celled
organisms
Algae: plant-like protists. Algae can make their own food during the process of
photosynthesis. Diatoms are single-celled algae with glass-like shells. Volvox and spirogyra
are colonial algae. Red tides are caused by rapid growth of toxin-producing algae.
Seaweed: a common name for many multi-cellular algae. Seaweed comes in three main
groups: red, golden/brown, and green.
Slime Molds: a group of fungus-like protists. Slime molds have a very complex life cycle
that goes through many transformations – sometimes acting like an animal and sometimes
like a fungus. Slime molds produce reproductive structures called sporangia.
Athlete’s Foot: a fungus infection
Yeast: a single-celled fungus.
Filament: a thread-like structure
Multi-cellular: organisms that are more than one cell in size
Antibiotics: chemicals that fight bacterial infections. Penicillin is an antibiotic made from a
fungus. Other antibiotics are made from bacteria.
Vaccine: Used to fight viral diseases, vaccines are compounds made up of dead or weakened
viruses. Vaccines stimulate the body’s immune system to fight viral attacks.
Enzymes: chemicals that are produced by organisms to break down food
31. What is the importance of microbes? Without microbes, life on Earth as we know it would
not exist. Microbes produce most of the oxygen we breathe. They recycle wastes into
nutrients. They help us digest our food.
IMPORTANT: In addition to knowing the unit vocabulary, be sure to study your homework
questions, worksheet and activity sheet information. You will need to know how to label
diagrams of a number of microbes, such as amoeba, paramecium, a virus, and a typical bacterial
cell. In addition, know the parts of a mushroom and various macroscopic algae. You will have lab
experiences and/or activity sheets with these illustrations.