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Java Applet
Introductions
Applet is java program that can be embedded into
HTML pages
Java applets runs on the java enables web browsers
such as mozila and internet explorer.
Applet is designed to run remotely on the client
browser, so there are some restrictions on it.
Applet can't access system resources on the local
computer.
Applets are used to make the web site more dynamic
and entertaining.
Advantages of Applet
* Applets are cross platform and can run on
Windows, Mac OS and Linux platform
* Applets can work all the version of Java Plugin
* Applets runs in a sandbox, so the user does not
need to trust the code, so it can work without security
approval
* Applets are supported by most web browsers
* Applets are cached in most web browsers, so will
be quick to load when returning to a web page
* User can also have full access to the machine if
user allows
Disadvantages of Java Applet
* Java plug-in is required to run applet
* Java applet requires JVM so first time it takes
significant startup time
* If applet is not already cached in the machine, it
will be downloaded from internet and will take time
* Its difficult to desing and build good user interface
in applets compared to HTML technology
The Applet class
To create an applet, you must import the Applet
class
This class is in the java.applet package
The Applet class contains code that works with a
browser to create a display window
Capitalization matters!
applet and Applet are different names
Importing the Applet class
Here is the directive that you need:
import java.applet.Applet;
import is a keyword
java.applet is the name of the package
A dot ( . ) separates the package from the class
Applet is the name of the class
There is a semicolon ( ; ) at the end
Applet versus Application
Applets are small programs while applications are
larger programs.
Applets don't have the main method while in an
application execution starts with the main method.
Applets can run in our browser's window or in an
appletviewer.
To run the applet in an appletviewer will be an
advantage for debugging.
Applets are designed for the client site programming
purpose while the applications don't have such type of
criteria.
The Life cycle of An Applet
init(): This method is called to initialized an applet
start(): This method is called after the initialization of
the applet.
stop(): This method can be called multiple times in the
life cycle of an Applet.
destroy(): This method is called only once in the life
cycle of the applet when applet is destroyed.
The Life cycle of An Applet
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
class Myclass extends Applet{
public void init(){}
Publicvoidstart(){}
public void stop() {}
public void destroy() {}
public void paint(Graphics g) {}
Applet Tag
<] APPLET
[CODEBASE = codebaseURL]
CODE = appletFile
[ALT = alternateText] [NAME =
appletInstanceName]
WIDTH = pixels
HEIGHT =
pixels
[ALIGN = alignment] [VSPACE = pixels]
[HSPACE = pixels] > [< PARAM NAME =
appletParameter1 VALUE = value >]
[< PARAM NAME =
appletParameter2 VALUE = value >] . . [alternateHTML]
[</]APPLET[>]
[
Creating First Applet Example
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class FirstApplet extends Applet{
public void paint(Graphics g){
g.drawString("Welcome in Java Applet.",40,20);
}
}
HTML code
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<APPLET ALIGN="CENTER"
CODE="FirstApplet.class" WIDTH="800"
HEIGHT="500"></APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Drawing Shapes Example in java
Graphics.drawLine() : to draw the line in the applet.
drawLine(int X_from_coordinate, int Y_from_coordinate, int
X_to_coordinate, int Y_to_coordinate);
Graphics.drawString() : draws the given string as the parameter
drawString(String string, int X_coordinate, int Y_coordinate);
Graphics.drawOval() : draws the circle
g.drawOval(int X_coordinate, int Y_coordinate, int Wdth, int height);
Graphics.drawRect() : draws the rectangle. Here is the syntax of the
drawRect() method :
g.drawRect(int X_coordinate, int Y_coordinate, int Wdth, int height)
Drawing Shapes Example using
color in java
Graphics.setColor() : sets the color for the object by
specified color.
setColor(Color.color_name);
Graphics.fillOval() : to fill the color inside the oval by
specified color
g.fillColor(Color.color_name);
Graphics.fillRect() :to fill the color inside the
rectangle by specified color
g.fillRect(int X_coordinate, int Y_coordinate, int
Wdth, int height)
Passing Parameter in Java Applet
The param tag(<parma name="" value=""></param>)
is used to pass the parameters to an applet
To access values
String strParameter = this.getParameter("Message");
Event Listeners Example
To handle the events generated by these buttons you
add action listeners
e.g. object_name.addActionListener(this);.
When the action event occurs, that object's
actionPerformed method is invoked.
actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
Display image
paint(Graphics g) has used
MediaTracker is a utility class that tracks the status of
a number of media objects
img - image name type of Image.
x
- lower X - Coordinate type of int.
y
- lower Y - Coordinate type of int.
x1
- upper X - Coordinate type of int.
y1
- upper Y - Coordinate type of int.
Java Swing Tutorial
Java Swing
* A part of The JFC
* Swing Java consists of
Look and feel
Accessibility
Java 2D
Drag and Drop, etc
Introductions
Swing is one of the Graphical User Interface tool.
Swing is used to develop the graphical user interface (GUI) in
java.
Swing components used for the building of GUI.
Swing components are helpful for interactivity to Java
applications.
The components of Swing toolkit are given below:
list controls
buttons
labels
tree controls
table controls
Java Swing Class Hierarchy
Swing Events
event source // The Event source is the object. It generates
Events.
event object // The Event object encapsulates the condition
changes in the event source.
event listener // The Event listener is the object that requests
to be notified
Event source:
Object is handling an event to the event listener.Event
handling in Swing toolkit is very easy to handle and powerful.
Objects are notified when a specific event occurs.
JFrame
Open frame place the icon on the title bar.Methods
are as follows:
frame.setIconImage(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getI
mage("icon_confused.gif"));
it’s using the Image class method named
getImage().frame.getDefaultToolkit():
//This is the method of the Toolkit class which gets
the default toolkit.
createAndShowGUI
private static void createAndShowGUI()
{
//Create and set up the window.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Hi..");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//Add a label.
JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");
frame.getContentPane().add(label);
//Display the window.
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
Menus
JMenuBar
JMenu
JMenuItem
checkBox
import javax.swing.*;
JCheckBox chk = new JCheckBox("This is the
Check Box");
frame.add(chk);
Text Area
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
// Create a text area with some initial text
JTextArea textarea = new JTextArea("Initial
Text");
int rows = 20;
int cols = 30;
textarea = new JTextArea("Initial Text", rows,
cols);
TextField
JTextField t = new JTextField("Text field 3", 8);
JButton
Button:
Two types: JButton(), JButton(Name)
JButton () is used for create blank JButton instance.
JButton (Name) is used for create a JButton
instance with the specified text.
JButton Button1;
Button1 = new JButton ("Black is White");
add (Button1);
Layout Managers
Most Swing UIs utilise a LayoutManager to control
positioning of items
There is a choice of these which work in different
ways
Initially we do without one, and position items
ourselves:
frame.setLayout(null);
Absolute positioning
JFrame frame = new JFrame("I am a JFrame");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setBounds(20,30,300,100);
frame.setLayout(null);
JButton butt=new JButton("Click me");
frame.getContentPane().add(butt);
butt.setBounds(20, 20, 200,20);
frame.setVisible(true);
FlowLayout
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("FlowLayout");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.getContentPane().setLayout(new FlowLayout());
JButton b1 = new JButton("Hello");
frame.getContentPane().add(b1);
JButton b2 = new JButton("Two");
frame.getContentPane().add(b2);
JTextField t1 = new JTextField("Text here");
frame.getContentPane().add(t1);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
BorderLayout
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Border");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JButton b1 = new JButton("At the top");
frame.getContentPane().add(b1,BorderLayout.PAGE_START );
JButton b2 = new JButton("Bottom");
frame.getContentPane().add(b2,BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
JTextField t1 = new JTextField("Left");
frame.getContentPane().add(t1,BorderLayout.LINE_START);
JTextField t2 = new JTextField("Right");
frame.getContentPane().add(t2,BorderLayout.LINE_END);
JButton b3 = new JButton("Centre");
frame.getContentPane().add(b3,BorderLayout.CENTER );
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
Grid Layout
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Grid");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.getContentPane().setLayout(new GridLayout(4,3,5,5));
for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
frame.getContentPane().add(new JButton(""+i));
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
Swing has a lot of classes
containers
controls
things that hold other things
eg JFRame
User I/O widgets
eg JButton
Containers
top level containers - JFrame JApplet JDialog
general purpose containers panel
scroll pane
split pane
tabbed pane
tool bar
JPanel ( in createAndShowGUI)
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("I am a JFrame");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setBounds(20,30,300,100);
frame.setLayout(null);
//Create a panel
JPanel myPanel = new JPanel();
myPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,3,25));
myPanel.setOpaque(true);
//Make it the content pane.
frame.setContentPane(myPanel);
frame.setVisible(true);
Tooltip and border
myPanel.setOpaque(true);
myPanel.setToolTipText("I'm a JPanel");
myPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBor
der(Color.white));
frame.setContentPane(myPanel);
..
JSplitPane
setLayout(null);
//Create a split pane
JSplitPane myPane = new JSplitPane();
myPane.setOpaque(true);
frame.setContentPane(myPane);
frame.setVisible(true);
JSplitPane with JPanels
//Create a split pane
JSplitPane myPane = new JSplitPane();
myPane.setOpaque(true);
myPane.setDividerLocation(150);
// make two panels
JPanel right = new JPanel();
right.setBackground(new Color(255,0,0));
JPanel left = new JPanel();
left.setBackground(new Color(0,255,0));
// set as left and right in split
myPane.setRightComponent(right);
myPane.setLeftComponent(left);
Exercise
