Download Categorize Earth`s materials

saltwater
moraine
rocks
humus
erosion
metamorphic rock
freshwater constructive processes
landforms
rock cycle
lithosphere
lava
fault sedimentary rock
minerals
soil sediment
topsoil
Oceans
dune
Earth’s Materialsdeposition
delta magma
earthquake
Earth’s layers
continents
volcano mantle
igneous rock
weathering
glaciers crust
inner core
atmosphere outer core
destructive processes
Earth’s Water
• 3/4 of Earth’s
surface is covered
by water
• 97% of Earth’s
water is found in its
salty oceans and
seas
Earth’s water cont.
• Liquid freshwater is contained in
lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
• Freshwater - water that is not salty
Freshwater
• About three-fourths (3/4) of Earth’s
freshwater is stored as ice. This
includes polar ice caps, glaciers, and
snow.
• Rainwater seeps into the soil. The
water makes its way deep under the
ground. It collects in layers of rock
called aquifers.
Discussion Question
• Why is freshwater considered to be
such an important resource?
Earth’s Land
• Earth is made up of
several layers. Each
layer is denser than the
the layer above it.
• The outermost layer of
Earth is the crust.
Earth’s Layers
crust - Earth’s thinnest layer and the
layer on which we live
Crust
• There are two types of crust: continental crust
and oceanic crust.
Continents are seven very large areas of land that
make up our crust
Landforms
• Landforms - surface features
• Mountains, hills, valleys, canyons,
and plains
Mantle
• Earth’s thickest layer
Core
• The innermost layer is the core. It is
made up of two parts. The outer core
is liquid, and the inner core is solid.
Earth’s Layers
• Lithosphere - solid rocky material
made of the Earth’s crust and the
upper part of the mantle
Crust
• The crust, Earth’s outermost layer,
makes up part of the lithosphere.
• Litho means “rock.”
• Earth’s crust is made up of rocks.
Minerals
• Mineral - a solid, nonliving
material found in the ground
• Earth contains about 4,000
different natural minerals.
• Each mineral has its own
properties.
• Property - quality, such as
color or hardness
Minerals in Your Home
• Table salt is a mineral called halite.
• Your refrigerator is made of steel,
which contains mineral iron.
• Wires in your home are most likely
made of copper.
• Glass is made mostly of silica, a
mineral found in sand.
Rocks
• Rock - a solid, nonliving material
made up of one or more minerals
• Each kind of rock is made up of
certain minerals.
Granite
Pumice
Limestone
Some Kinds of Rock and Their Uses
Rock
How It Is Used
Granite
For buildings, countertops, statues, and
tombstones
As a building stone and to make concert
Limestone
Marble
As a building stone and for statues, floors,
and bathroom tiles
Pumice
In toothpastes, scouring cleansers, and
polishing materials
Slate
For roofs, chalkboards, and walkways
Chalk
For writing and drawing, and in toothpaste
Igneous Rock
• Igneous rock - a rock that starts as
melted rock deep inside Earth
• Magma - melted rock
• Sometimes magma reaches Earth’s
surface, such as through a volcano.
• On the surface, the melted rock is
called lava.
• When magma or lava cools, it becomes
solid and forms igneous rock.
Igneous Rock
Granite forms from magma.
Basalt is an igneous rock that forms from lava.
Sedimentary Rock
• Sedimentary rock is a rock that is formed in
flat layers over a long period of time.
• Sediment is loose pieces of rock, such as
sand or pebbles.
• Some sediment settles in layers on the
bottom of rivers, lakes, and oceans. As the
layers build up, pressure builds up too. The
pressure squeezes the layers together. After
a very long time, the sediment sticks
together and forms sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary Rock
Sandstone forms from grains of
sand and has a coarse texture.
Shale forms from clay and
mud and has a fine texture.
Metamorphic Rock
• Sometimes surface rock is pushed
deep inside Earth. There, heat and
pressure cause chemical changes in
rock. Minerals in the rock combine in
new ways.
• Metamorphic rock is a rock that is
formed by heat and pressure deep
inside Earth.
Metamorphic Rock
• Both igneous and sedimentary rock
can be changed into metamorphic
rock.
• Metamorphic rock itself can be
changed into a different kind of
metamorphic rock.
The Rock Cycle
• Earth’s rock is always changing. It is
forming and breaking down. On Earth’s
surface, wind, water, and gravity change
rock. Inside Earth, heat and pressure
cause changes.
• Each of the three types of rock can turn
into one of the other types. All the types
of rock can also melt and become magma.
• All the changes of rock from one type to
another are called the rock cycle.
The Rock Cycle Song
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/
studyjams/jams/science/rocksminerals-landforms/rock-cycle.htm
Soil
• The top part of Earth’s land is covered
by soil.
• Sediment is the main ingredient in
soil.
• Soil also holds water and air.
• The water contains minerals that
come from the sediment.
• It also contains the remains of dead
plants and animals.
Soil
• Over time, the remains break down
into small bits. They make up a darkcolored material called humus.
• Soil forms in different layers. The top
layer is called topsoil.
• Most plants grow in this layer.
Discussion Questions
• Which two kinds of rocks can form on
Earth’s surface?
• Which two kinds can form deep inside
Earth?