Download AP EURO: LECTURE OUTLINE pp

hAP EURO: LECTURE OUTLINE pp. 603-608
CULTURE IN THE AGE OF REACTION AND REVOLUTION - THE MOOD OF ROMANTICISM:
“It was my heart that counseled me to do it, and my heart cannot err.”
Romanticism = a new intellectual movement
1. Emerged at the end of the 18th century
2. Challenged enlightenment thinking
3. Stressed that knowledge comes through intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination
4. The heart is more important than the head
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ROMANTICISM:
Emotion
Sentiment
Inner feelings
The Sorrows of Young Werther 1. Novel written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2. Werther becomes the hero and model of the romantics
3. Young misunderstood turth seeking hero - girl he loves rejects him and he commits suicide
Individualism
1. Go your own way/follow your inner drives
2. Reject conformity
3. Rebel against middle class values - long hair, beards, crazy clothes
Stress on the Heroic 1. The hero was a solitary genius
2. Defy the world/sacrifice for great causes
3. Transform society
Passionate interest in the past 1. The Grimm brothers in Germany gather traditional folk/fairy tales
2. Hans Christian Andersen in Denmark
3. Revival of medieval gothic architecture = Neo-Gothic architecture
4. The novels of Sir Walter Scott = knights in medieval England - Ivanhoe
Fascination with the bizarre, unusual and grotesque 1. Gothic literature - creepy, spooky stories and novels
2. Edgar Allan Poe in the United States
3. Mary Shelley’s novel - Frankenstein
4. Personally interested in dreams, nightmares, freny, and depression
5. Altered states of consciousness - cocaine, hashish, and opium
ROMANTIC POETS AND THE LOVE OF NATURE:
Poetry was seen as the highest of the romantic arts - poetry allowed direct expression of the soul
The master of romantic poetry = the English Romantic poets
Percy Shelley
William Wordsworth
John Keats
Lord Byron
Love of nature - nature was celebrated and glorified in romantic poetry
1. Nature was raw and untamed
2. Nature could get you in touch with the divine
3. Pantheism = god is everywhere and in everything
The Romantics rejected 1. The cold calculating rationalism of Enlightenment thinking
2. Materialism
3. Science was potentially dangerous = inhumane
4. Emerging industrialization = it was dehumanizing and alienated people from their inner selves
ROMANTICISM IN ART AND MUSIC:
Romanticism in the visual arts 1. Artistic expression was a reflection of the artist’s inner feelings
2. Rejection of the restraint of classicism
3. Emphasized warmth, emotion, and movement
Caspar David Friedrich - German romantic painter
J.M.W. Turner - English romantic painter
Eugene Delacroix - French romantic painter
Romanticism in Music 1. The 18th century was the age of Classicism
2. The 19th century was the age of Romanticism
3. The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven served as a bridge between Classicism and Romanticism
A. wrote nine great symphonies
B. the third symphony - “The Eroica”
C. the fifth symphony
D. the ninth symphony - “Ode to Joy”
E. the Moonlight Sonata, the Pathetique, the Appassionata - piano works
4. Hector Berlioz - French romantic composer
“the Symphony Fantastique”
THE REVIVAL OF RELIGION IN THE AGE OF ROMANTICISM:
Christianity in Europe experienced a revival after 1815
Revival of Protestantism in the late 18th-early 19th century = “the Great Awakening”
1. Methodism in Britain
2. Pietism in Germany