Download MUSIC 3RD TRIMESTER Texture Thinness or thickness of sounds

MUSIC 3RD TRIMESTER____________________________________________
Texture
 Thinness or thickness of sounds
1. Monophony – single, independent melody without accompaniment
2. Homophony – single, independent melody with accompaniment
3. Polyphony – 2 or more independent melody without accompaniment
4. Mixed Texture – 2 or more independent melody with accompaniment
Tone Color/Timbre
 Quality or sound in music
 May be determined by the physical structure of the sound-producing source (for
voice or instrument), the material it was made of and the way it is being played (for
instrument)
 Infinite variety of tone colors are present in environmental sounds
Orchestra
Instruments – have varied shapes and sizes and are made up of different materials such
as wood, metal, dried stretched skin, plastic, etc.
Four basic classifications given by Sachs and Hornbostel:
a. Aerophone
 Played by blowing
 Vibrating air column produces sound
b. Chordophone
 Played by plucking, blowing or hitting
 Vibrating string produces sound
c. Idiophone
 Played by hitting, banging, scraping, shaking
 Vibrating body
d. Membranophone
 Played by hitting
 Vibrating skin or membrane produces sound
e. Electrophone
 Produces sound by means of an electric current
WOODWIND AND
BRASS
STRING
PERCUSSION
1. Strings Section
o More than half of the orchestra
- Violin
- Viola
- Cello
- Double bass
- Harp
2. Woodwind
o These instruments, except for the flute, use a thin piece of wood called a
“reed” which vibrates when the player blows across it
- Piccolo
- Flute
- Clarinet
- Bass clarinet
- Saxophone
- Oboe
- English horn
- Bassoon
- Contra-bassoon
3. Brass
o Made of brass
- Trumpet
- Trombone
- French horn
- Tuba
4. Percussion
- Bongo drums, Bass drums, Snare drum, Kettle drum or timpani, Maracas,
Triangle, Cymbals, Gong, Guiro, Cabassa, Vibraslap, Tambourine, Jingle
bells, Marimba, Xylophone, Band Lyre, Chimes, Castanets, Rhythm Sticks,
Rattle, Tone Block
Philippine Music
Music is a universal language. How about our Philippine Music? As, Filipinos, we are
very much rooted on the indigenous culture and traditions of varied ethnic communities
surrounding our country.
There are three important styles:
I.
Indigenous Music or Pre-Hispanic Music
 Found mainly in three regions: Northern Luzon, Central Luzon and the
Southern islands of Mindanao and Sulu
Maguindanao Music
Palabunibuyan
 Most widely performed instrument in the Maguindanao region. It means an
ensemble of loud-sounding instruments.
 Maguindanaons learn how to play the instruments by watching and imitating their
peers and elders
 Children interested to play are trained first in bamboo kulintang (a set of eight
blades that are laid horizontally on a wooden base) or on the saronay, a set of
eight rectangular iron plates with central protusion.
 Kulintang Gongs are considered valuable possessions of the Maguindanaons. The
gongs, beside their economic value, bring social prestige to the owners of the
instruments.
Kulintang – a set of eight bossed gongs of graduated size
Gandigan – a set of four hanging thin-rimmed gongs
Babandir – small thin-rimmed gong with a shallow bass
Agong – wide rimmed gong that sometimes it comes in pairs
and exclusively played for men
E. Dabakan – goblet-shaped drum
A.
B.
C.
D.
Kulintang Music
 often heard in festive occasions like wedding and baptism of infants called PAIGO
SA RAGAT (baptism by water)
 also heard in the curing rite called KAPAGIPAT, a ritual for aliments caused by evil
spirits
Kulintang pieces
 Features a particular characteristic that can be seen in the rhythmic pattern, tempo
and emotion conveyed.
 Consists of an introduction, repeated sections, ascending and descending
transitional passages and a conclusion. The length of the pieces may be altered
depending upon the performer’s choice of section to repeat.
a. BINALIG – played to express different feelings like love, joy and anger
b. SINULOG – relates to loneliness and sentimental feelings. It is said that these
pieces can make a listener cry and are best played at night or at an early dawn
when there is great silence
c. TIDTU – used to display one’s virtuosity and these are often heard in musical
competitions
d. TANGUNGGO – exclusively played for rituals. It is used to accompany a dance
called SAGAYAN
Tangunggo is a traditional piece from Maguindanao, arranged by Aga Mayo Butocan.
II.
-
III.
Spanish-Influenced Music (1565-1898)
 Introduced the Western musical traditions
MARCELO ADONAY:
was referred to as the Palestrina of the Philippines
wrote many great religious compositions that were
based on Gregorian chants
also wrote Misas and Cantatas, often sung by boys’s
choir called tiples
Extra-liturgical music – new religious music flourished through the rituals and
activities connected with Christianity
American-Influenced Music
 European operas and American popular music through the stage/theatre
show, movies, radio, dance halls and televisions
 Made music an educational curriculum
CLASSICAL
Sonata, Concerto, Symphony,
Opera, Ballet, Rhapsody,
Suites, Fantasy, Chorals,
Tone poems, Avant-Grande
SEMI-CLASSICAL
Kundiman, Sarwela, Balitaw,
Komedya, Stylized Folk Song,
Broadway-inspired Songs,
Patriotic hymns, Marches,
Bands, Ensembles, Love
song, Ballad, Song from the
movies
POP
Jazz, Rock and Roll, Heavy
rock, Slow rock, Folk, Disco,
Manila Sound, Rap, Ethnic
Pop, Ballad, Reggae, Gospel,
Novelty, Protest/political
songs, Jazz fusion
1. Classical: Includes both western Classical and the art music composed by Filipinos
2. Semi-Classical: Music usually heard on semi-formal musical events like open air
concert, programs, parades, singing contest, informal concerts
3. POP/Popular music: Music created by Filipinos using western pop forms and local
music tradition:
a. Reggae: Jamaican pop music Style, Combination of West Indian and afroAmerican style
b. Rock: A form of pop music characterized by fast rhythm, heavy metal
instruments, and youth oriented lyrics
c. Rap: A rhythm half sung, half spoken style often enhanced by electronic effect
d. Ballad: Usually a love song in slow tempo that tells a story
e. Protest Song: Songs that are made popular by political events like rallies,
elections, assembly which raises national sentiments, written to stir emotions,
generates support or cause doubts
f. Novelty Songs: A song with humorous/unusual lyrics
g. Modern Gospel: Distinctly religious music that is associated with evadelism,
usually based on folk music blended with elements of spirituals and jazz music
h. Disco: pop dance music, a combination of fast jazz tempo with heavy rock
music beat, often spiced by Latin percussion instrument
i. Pinoy Folk: A kind of pop that is not rooted folk tradition of Filipinos but draws
mainly from repetitive simple folk tunes popularized
j. Manila Sound: Usually in disco style/ dance style music making use of
TAGLISH (lyrics)
k. Ethnic Pop: Seeks to integrate ethnic elements, into pop culture
l. Pinoy Jazz Fusion: The fusing of elements of rhythm and blues and the heavy
highly amplified variety of rock music
Filipino composers of the 70’s and 80’s
Julian Felipe (1861 – 1944)
- Born in Cavite city on January 28, 1861
- Studied at the recollect covent and in a public school and took his
secondary education in Binondo, Manila
- Studied music at 10 years of age and learned piano from a recollect
pries
- Even with the Cavite Mutiny interrupting his studies, he became the
official organist of San Pedro Church in Laguna
- Some of his compositions were “Aurorita, Danza”, “Motete al Santisimo”, and “Cintas
y Flores”
- He was imprisoned at Fort San Felipe during 1896 Revolution together with the 13
matyrs of Cavite. He was released after a few months.
- He was commissioned by Emilio Aguinaldo to put into music the country’s sentiments
and longing for freedom.
- Our Philippine National Anthem (originally named Marcha Magdalo) was
composed. It was first played during the proclamation of Philippine
independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. A year after, Jose Palma wrote
a poem “Filipinas” and became the lyrics of the National Anthem.
- He became the director of Banda Nacional in 1899 and served as Band Master in the
U.S. Navy
Francisco Santiago (1889 – 1947)
- Composer, Pianist, Teacher
- After graduating U.P. Conservatory of Music, he continued his
studies in Chicago U.S.A
- In 1917, he wrote the first art song – kundiman entitled ANAK
DALITA and was sung before the Royal Court of Spain
- He was considered the Father of Philippine Sonata
- Composed “Pilipinas Kong Mahal”, the most popular petrictic song in the Philippines;
solemnity and nobility; expresses the inherent Filipino sentiment
Nicanor Abelardo (1893 – 1934)
- Composer, Pianist, Teacher
- Prolific composer of the art song Kundiman (talks about the lofty
sentiment of love)
- Among His Known works were “Nasaan Ka Irog”, “Kundiman
ng Luha”, Mutya ng Pasig”, “HImutok” and “Ikaw Rin”
- Composed semi-classical sytle like sarswelas and patriotic songs and also of
classical mode like suites, concertos and pastorals
- Aberlardo’s Concerto in Bb Major – first concerto ever written in the contry which
made use of folk materials in 1923
Antonio Molina (1894 – 1980)
- National Artist In Music
- Took up architecture, Bachelor of Atts and law
- Graduated at the University of Philippines Conservatory
major in violoncello
- Had concerts in Hanoi and Indochina
- His Most Widely Known Work was “Hatinggabi” a piece for violin and piano
- Last of the triumvirate of the Filipino composers who led the first nationalistic
movement in Philippine music. The other two were Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco
Santiago.
Constancio De Guzman (1903 – 1982)
- Composer
- He composed and recorded a lot of songs like “Babalik ka rin”,
“Bayan Ko” “Ang Tangi Kong Pag-ibig” and “Maalaala Mo Kaya”
- Became a musical director of numerous Philippine Music
companies and served director of Filipino Society of composers,
arrangers and publishers (FILSCAP)
Lucio San Pedro (1913 – 2002)
- National Artist in Music
- Started playing banjo and bandurria
- Joined his father’s band in Angono, Rizal
- Earned his degree in composition and conducting in 1937 and
took further studies at the Julliard School of Music in 1947
- He was the man behind the philosophy “Creative Nationalism”, a
composition based on folk materials not in its entirety but
fragmentary. This was showm in his composition Lahing Kayumanggi, a symphonic
poen, which was based on the first four notes of Bahay Kubo.
- He was given an award for his song Isang Pagkain, Isang Katawan, Isang Bayan
He made the Poveda Alma Mater
Levi Celerio (1910 – 2002)
- Great Lyricist, Violinist
- National Artist in Music
- In 1930’s he was asked to write the theme song for the film
Dalagang bukid
- Was listed in the Guiness Book of World Records for being the
only man who could play music on a lead
- Received numerous awards and citations and was considered the Dean of Filipino
Lyricists.