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Evolution Exam Review
Name_________________
Define evolution
Describe the common ancestor to all life forms(first life form on earth)
What does the fossil record tell us about organisms of the past?
Define Homologous structures, give an example. What do they tell us about the
organisms?
Define Analogous structures, give an example. What do they tell us about the organism?
Darwin knew that organisms change over time. He did not know the mechanism.
1. What is the mechanism that will display a change in an organism?
2. What are two sources of change in an organism? Describe each
Define Geographic isolation
Define reproductive isolation
How does geographic isolation cause speciation, use the term reproductive isolation in
your answer?
What will happen to the gene frequency for a gene that produces an adaptation that will
help an organism survive in its environment, describe why
Describe natural selection use and describe the following terms: overproduction,
reproduction, variation, adaptation, competition, survival of the fittest
What effects the rate of natural selection?
Define artificial selection(selective breeding), give an example
Describe how the environment “selects” for favorable traits, give an example
Draw an evolutionary tree with 6 species remaining at the present time. Show two extinct
species. Label each species using letters. Pick on pair of organism that are closely related.
Pick another pair of species that are more distantly related. describe why the first pair are
more closely related than the second pair. Use the term common ancestor
Evolution Exam Review
1. Define evolution
The change in a species over time
2. Describe the common ancestor to all life forms(first life
form on earth)
Most likely:
-A single celled simple primitive organism
3. What does the fossil record tell us about organisms of the
past?
-Is shows that organisms have changed, based on changes
in structure.
-Older fossils(organisms) are found deeper in the sediment,
younger organisms are found near the surface of the
sediment
4. Define Homologous structures, give an example. What
do they tell us about the organisms?
-Structure that have similar bone structures, but have
different functions
ex. Bat wing, human arm, whale flipper
-They tell us that these organisms have an evolutionary
relationship
5. Define Analogous structures, give an example. What do
they tell us about the organism?
-Structures that have similar functions, but no similar
structures
-They tell us that there is no evolutionary relationship
between these organisms
6. Darwin knew that organisms changed over time. He did
not know the mechanism. What is the mechanism that will
display a change in an organism?
-Genes, genetic variation
7. What are two sources of change in an organism?
Describe each
a. Mutation: random changes in the genetic makeup of an
organism
b. Genetic recombination through sexual reproduction
8. Define Geographic isolation
-When two populations are separated by a physical
boundary
ex. Mountains, rivers, oceans
9. Define reproductive isolation
-When to populations can no longer interbreed and produce
fertile offspring
10. How does geographic isolation cause speciation, use the
term reproductive isolation in your answer?
-When two populations are geographically isolated they
adapt to their new environment. Eventually their genes
change enough that they become reproductively isolated
and a new species is formed
11. What will happen to the gene frequency for a gene that
produces an adaptation that will help an organism survive
in its environment, describe why
The gene frequency will increase. That gene(trait)will
become more dominant in that population of organisms
because it helps them survive
12. Describe natural selection use and describe the
following terms: overproduction, reproduction, variation,
adaptation, competition, survival of the fittest
a. More organisms are produced than will survive
b. all of the organisms vary slightly, they have varying
traits
c. The offspring compete for limited resources
d. Some organisms have adaptations which make them
better suited or “more fit” for their environment than other
organisms.
e. Survival of the fittest occurs, the most fit organism
survive the least fit organisms die.
13. What effects the rate of natural selection?
a. Higher genetic
b. Rapid change in the environment
14. Define artificial selection(selective breeding), give an
example
-When humans breed certain organisms to produce
favorable traits
ex. a. Breeding plants to produce larger/better fruits and
vegetables
b. Breeding dogs to produce certain traits
15. Describe how the environment “selects” for favorable
traits, give an example
-Finch beak lab:The environment determines which
organisms survive or die, based on adaptations that that
organism has which help it survive. Ex. an organism has a
certain beak to eat a certain seed. Those with the adaptation
live the one that don’t die
16. Draw an evolutionary tree with 6 species remaining at
the present time. Show two extinct species. Label each
species using letters. Pick on pair of organism that are
closely related. Pick another pair of species that are more
distantly related. describe why the first pair are more
closely related than the second pair. Use the term common
ancestor