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CP Biology
Final Exam Study Guide 2016**Revised**
Name ___________________
Cell Growth and Division
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Chromosomes
Cell division
Binary fission
Chromatin
Centromere
Spindle
Metaphase plate
Centrosomes
Cell plate
cyclins
Apoptosis
Cancer
Tumor
Homologous chromosome
Sister chromatids
Cell cycle – phases and processes, control system & checkpoints, diagrams of process
Mitosis – functions, stages and descriptions, plants vs. animal cells, diagrams of process
Genetics
Alleles
Locus
Homozygous
Heterozygous
dominant allele
recessive allele
genotype
phenotype
Punnett square
true-breeding
Hybrids
Cross
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
Monohybrid/Dihybrid cross
Testcross
Reciprocal cross
Recessive disorder
Dominate disorder
Complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Multiple alleles
Codominance
Pleiotrophy
Polygenic inheritance
Sex Linked genes
Sister chromatids
tetrad
Diploid cell
Haploid cell
Gamete
Crossing-over
Zygote
Nondisjunction
Sex chromosomes
Know the theories: Mendel (review expeiments)
Mendel’s laws (including segregation and independent assortment)
Punnett squares – usage including complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple
alleles, monohybrid & dihybrid cross (understanding/reference for more complex situations)
Chromosomal theory of inheritance
Meiosis – stages and descriptions
Compare mitosis and meiosis
Independent orientation of chromosomes
Random fertilization
DNA
Bacteriophage (or phage)
Nucleotide
Polynucleotide
Semiconservative model
DNA polymerases
5’ end
3’ end
DNA ligase
Function of DNA
The structure of DNA and RNA
Recognize 3’ vs. 5’ end of DNA strand
DNA replication enzymes & video clip notes/vocab
Transcription
Translation
Codons
CP Biology
Final Exam Study Guide 2016
Name ___________________
Protein Synthesis and Biotechnology
RNA polymerase
Promoter
Terminator
Messenger RNA
Introns
Exons
RNA splicing
Transfer RNA
Anticodon
Ribosomal RNA
Start codon
P site
Codon recognition
Peptide bond formation
Translocation
Stop codon
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Reciprocal translocation
Operon
TATA box
Gene
Process & Steps of transcription & translation
Roles of mRNA, tRNA & rRNA
Mutations – point, frameshift, chromosomal
Prokaryotic gene regulation – Lac operon
Eukaryotic gene regulation
Classification, Viruses, Bacteria
Cladistic Analysis:
1. Monophyletic group
2. Paraphyletic group
3. Polyphyletic group
Homologous
Analogous
Homoplasy
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Virus
Capsid
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Prophage
Transformation
Transduction
Bacteria
Archaea
Bacilli
Cocci
Vibrios
Spirilla
spirochete.
gram stain
peptidoglycan
Capsule
Pili
Endospore
Flagella/flagellate
extreme halophile
extreme thermophile
methanogens
nucleoid
Compare the Five Kingdom vs. the Six Kingdom classification systems
Describe the lytic and lysogenic viral life cycle.
The distinctions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
How to differentiate between different bacteria types.
The differences between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
The differences between Gram negative & positive bacterium.
CP Biology
Final Exam Study Guide 2016
Name ___________________
Protists and Fungi
protist
algae
protozoans
red tide
algal bloom
alternation of generations
cilia
flagella
pseudopod
spore
conjugation
symbiotic
mutualistic
parasite
sporangium
gametophytes
sporophytes
Fungi
chitin
Hyphae
Fruiting body
Mycelium
Heterokaryotic stage
Mold
Yeast
Chytrids
Zygomycetes (zygote fungi)
Glomeromycetes (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)
Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
Basidiomycetes (club fungi)
Lichen
Describe the structure of ciliates (Paramecium) ex.- micronucleus, macronucleus, vacuole, etc.
Describe the Plasmodium life cycle
Study categories of Fungi - phylum/category names, characteristics, spore-forming structure, dominate
stage(sporophyte/gametophyte), examples.
Plants
Bryophytes, Pterophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
Study the life cycle diagrams: haploid vs. diploid, gametophyte vs. sporophyte, mitosis vs. meiosis,
spores vs. seeds
Study categories of Plants: phylum/category names, characteristics, dominate stage (sporophyte vs.
gametophyte), examples
Structure of a flower and seed.
Compare and describe monocot vs. dicot seeds, leaves, stems, flowers and roots.
Diagrams of root, stem leaf, including the following structures: root hair, plasmodesmata, casparian
strip, dermal/ground/vascular tissues, epidermis, endodermis, cortex **(NO Woody Dicot)**
Summarize the use of xylem and phloem to move sugar through out a plant. (phloem sap, sugar source,
and sugar sink)
Archegonium
Antheridium
Sporangium
Cotyledons
Monocot
dicot
root hair
parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma
sclereid
tracheids
vessel elements
sieve-tube members
companion cells
xylem
phloem
Epidermis
Cuticle
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
ground tissue system
CP Biology
Final Exam Study Guide 2016
pith
cortex
vascular cylinder
endodermis
vascular bundles
stomata
guard cells
mesophyll
vein
Name ___________________
meristem
root cap
fruit
xylem sap
root pressure
transpiration
cohesion
adhesion
mycorrhiza
Animals
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Invertebrates
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Body cavity
Pseudocoelom
Coelom
Blastula
Protostome
Deuterostome
Be Sure to Know…
For each animal phylum know:
Common name
Scientific name
Symmetry
Number of tissue layers
Body cavity style (for 3 layered phyla)
Examples of phyla members
Phylum Porifera - sponges
Phylum Cnidaria – jellies, anemones, coral
Phylum Platyhelminthes: “Flatworms” examples – planaria, flukes, tapeworms
Phylum Nematoda: “Roundworms” examples – Trichinella
Phylum Mollusca: exmples - gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods
Phylum Annelida: examples - earthworm, polychaetes, leeches
Phylum Arthropoda: examples - chelicerates, millipedes, centipedes, crusteaceans, insects
Phylum Echinodermata: examples - sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
Phylum Chordata examples – humans, sharks
Mammalian Anatomy
Know major structures and organs from pig dissection and pig lab practical.
Know the structure of the human heart and circulation pattern.