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AP Biology Study Guide
Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Reproduction and Development
Opening Essay
1. Describe the size and location of the tallest trees in the world. Explain how these trees interact with other forms of life.
Plant Structure and Function
2. Explain how the cultivation of wheat has changed over the past 10,000 years. Describe the consequences of improved wheat
production for human society.
3. Compare the structure of monocots and eudicots.
4. Compare the structures and functions of roots, stems, and leaves. Explain how “pinching back” a plant helps make it bushier.
5. Distinguish between a taproot, stolon, rhizome, tuber, bulb, petiole, and tendril, and indicate common examples of each from
a vegetable garden. Identify the basic plant organ that is modified in each example.
6. Define a tissue system. Describe the three main types of tissue systems found in young eudicot roots, stems, and leaves.
Compare the arrangements of these tissue systems in the roots, stems, and leaves of monocots and eudicots.
7. Describe the three unique structures found in most plant cells. Describe the structures and functions of the five major types
of plant cells.
Plant Growth
8. Distinguish between (a) indeterminate and determinate growth and (b) annuals, biennials, and perennials.
9. Describe and compare primary and secondary growth. Explain how a tree grows; describe the location of the new and old
tissues and how tree rings are produced.
Reproduction of Flowering Plants
10. Describe the parts of a flower and their functions. Relate this structure to the overall life cycle of an angiosperm.
11. Describe the processes and events that lead to double fertilization. Describe theadvantages of double fertilization.
12. Explain how a seed forms. Compare the structures of eudicot and monocot seeds and explain the significance of seed
dormancy.
13. Describe the structure and functions of fruit. Describe some of the adaptations of fruits that promote seed dispersal.
14. Describe and compare germination in pea and corn plants.
15. Describe four examples of cloning in plants. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of asexual versus sexual
reproduction.
16. Describe plant adaptations that permit very long lives.
C. Gay 3/7/09
Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology
Key Terms
annual
anther
apical dominance
apical meristem
axillary bud
bark
biennial
carpel
clone
collenchyma cell
companion cell
cork
cork cambium
cortex
cotyledon
cuticle
determinate growth
dermal tissue system
double fertilization
dicot
embryo sac
endodermis
endosperm
epidermis
eudicot
fiber
fragmentation
fruit
food-conducting cell
gametophyte
germinate
ground tissue system
guard cell
heartwood
indeterminate growth
internode
lateral meristem
leaf
meristem
mesophyll
monocot
monoculture
node
organ
ovary
parenchyma cell
perennial
petal
phloem
pistil
pith
C. Gay 3/7/09
pollination
primary growth
primary phloem
primary xylem
rhizome
root cap
root system
root hair
sapwood
sclereid
sclerenchyma cell
secondary growth
secondary phloem
secondary xylem
seed coat
seed dormancy
sepal
shoot system
sieve plate
sieve-tube member
sporophyte
stamen
stem
stigma (plural, stigmata)
stoma (plural, stomata)
tendril
terminal bud
tissue
tissue system
tracheid
tuber
vascular bundle
vascular cambium
vascular cylinder
vascular tissue system
vein
vessel element
water-conducting cell
wood
wood ray
xylem
Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology