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Unit I – 4 terms Quiz 1 controlled experiment hypothesis technology theories amine carbon skeleton dehydration synthesis enzyme amino acid carbonyl group denaturation fat amino group carboxyl group deoxyribonucleic acid functional group anabolic steroids carboxylic acid disaccharide gene hydrocarbon isomer nitrogenous base phosphate group hydrolysis lipid nucleic acid phospholipid hydrophilic macromolecule nucleotide pleated sheet hydrophobic monomer organic compound polymer polysaccharide secondary structure waxes energy of activation primary structure starch active site negative feedback protein steroids coenzyme noncompetitive inhibitor quaternary structure tertiary structure cofactor substrate capsule chloroplast cytoskeleton glycoprotein cell theory chromatin endomembrane system golgi apparatus cellular metabolism chromosome endoplasmic reticulum granum central vacuole communicating junctions extracellular matrix intermediate filament light microscope mitochondrial matrix nucleus prokaryotic cell wall lysosome mitochondrion organelle ribosome magnification nuclear envelope pili rough ER microfilament nucleoid region plasma membrane scanning electron microscope stroma active transport fluid mosaic tight junction concentration gradient hypertonic transmission electron microscope transport vesicle endocytosis isotonic Unit II – 60 terms Quiz 1 alpha helix carbohydrate cellulose double helix Quiz 2 glycogen hydroxyl group monosaccharide peptide bond Quiz 3 polypeptide ribonucleic acid triglyceride competitive inhibitor Unit III – 60 terms Quiz 1 anchoring junctions centriole cytoplasm flagellum Quiz 2 intermembrane space microtubule nucleolus plasmodesmata Quiz 3 smooth ER vacuole facilitated diffusion diffusion hypotonic osmosis passive transport pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis selective permeability molecule tissue binary fission cell division organ anaphase cancer cells cell plate organ system anchorage dependence carcinomas centromere organism asexual reproduction cell cycle centrosome cytokinesis interphase mitosis sexual reproduction density-dependent inhibition leukemia mitotic phase sister chromatids fertilization malignant tumor mitotic spindle telophase genome metaphase prophase tumor cellular respiration first law of thermodynamics second law of thermodynamics electron carrier chemical energy heat acetyl CoA electron transport chain endergonic reaction kinetic energy alcoholic fermentation facultative anaerobe energy phosphorylation ATP synthase glycolysis lactic acid fermentation substrate-level phosphorylation carbon fixation producers oxidation C3 plant light reactions reaction center redox reaction C4 plant mesophyll stomata reduction Calvin cycle photophosphorylation thylakoid anticodon DNA polymerase mutagen bacteriophage exon mutagenesis codon guanine mutation cytosine intron polynucleotide reading frame stop codon transfer RNA ribosomal RNA sugar-phosphate backbone translation RNA polymerase terminator triplet code RNA splicing thymine uracil Unit IV – 40 terms Quiz 1 biology population benign tumor cell cycle control system Quiz 2 cleavage furrow growth factor metastasis sarcomas Unit V – 40 terms Quiz 1 ATP exergonic reaction potential energy chemiosmosis Quiz 2 Krebs cycle strict anaerobe CAM plant photosystem Unit VI – 30 terms Quiz 1 adenine DNA ligase messenger RNA Quiz 2 promoter start codon transcription Unit VII – 60 terms Quiz 1 autosome gamete karyotype translocation crossing over genetic recombination meiosis zygote deletion haploid cell nondisjunction amniocentesis diploid cell homologous chromosomes sex chromosomes carrier duplication inversion somatic cell chorionic villus sampling codominance dihybrid cross dominant allele F1 generation genetics incomplete dominance principle of independent assortment genotype monohybrid principle of segregation heterozygous P generation punnett square homozygous phenotype recessive allele ultrasound imaging biotechnology plasmid vector lysogenic cycle complementary DNA recombinant DNA genetically modified organism lytic cycle DNA fingerprint restriction enzyme Human Genome Project retrovirus gene cloning restriction fragments transgenic organism biogeography descent with modification founder effect heterozygote advantage natural selection cline directional selection gene flow homologous structures neutral variation comparative anatomy diversifying selection gene pool microevolution polymorphic comparative embryology evolution genetic drift modern synthesis population genetics stabilizing selection convergent evolution family order species analogy derived characters five-kingdom system phylogenetic trees systematics binomial domain genus phylogeny taxon cladogram evo-devo macroevolution phylum three-domain system Quiz 2 chromosome theory of inheritance F2 generation hybrids polygenic inheritance Quiz 3 sex-linked gene reverse transcriptase genomic library vaccine Unit VIII – 50 terms Quiz 1 artificial selection Darwinian fitness evolutionary adaptation Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium molecular biology Quiz 2 sexual dimorphism class exaptation molecular clocks primitive characters Unit IX – 50 terms Quiz 1 carrying capacity K-selection R-selection biomass detritivore density dependent logistic population growth survivorship curve coevolution detritus dispersion pattern population density abiotic reservoir commensalism disturbance exponential population growth population-limiting factors batesian mimicry community ecological succession intrinsic rate of increase random biodiversity competitive exclusion principle ecosystem keystone species primary succession symbiotic relationship conservation biology ozone layer mutualism quarternary consumer tertiary consumer endangered species restoration ecology parasitism resource partitioning trophic structure endemic species sustainable development predation secondary consumer biodiversity hot spot greenhouse effect threatened species Quiz 2 interspecific competition primary consumer secondary succession biological magnification movement corridor
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