Download Earthquakes Guided Notes

Name: __________________________________________ Date: __________ Period: ______
Earthquakes: Movement of the Earth’s Crust
Use Class Notes and the TEXTBOOK
An earthquake is any sudden movement of the Earth’s _______________.
Most earthquakes occur at _________________ _____________________.
1. Define STRESS.
2. How does stress affect the crust?
A.
B.
3. Define DEFORMATION.
4. Name the three (3) types of stress. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN EACH TYPE.
A.
B.
C.
5. Define FAULT.
6. Define FOLD using the words ANTICLINE and SYNCLINE.
7. What factors determine whether rocks will FOLD or FAULT? GIVE EXAMPLES.
A.
B.
C.
D.
How do Earthquakes occur??
(Fill in the blanks with the terms used above. Read and study these notes.)
1. _________________ - pushing or pulling on the Earth’s crust.
2. __________________- STRAIN that causes the rocks to break, tilt, and fold.
3. Movement of rock back to its ORIGINAL shape and volume when stress lessens is
called ELASTIC DEFORMATION.
4. The maximum amount of stress that can be applied to a rock without it breaking is called
ELASTIC LIMIT.
5. When elastic limit is reached or exceeded, PLASTIC DEFORMATION results.
Plastic deformation is a PERMAMENT change in the rock, even after stress lessens.
6. Examples of plastic deformation are __________________ (rocks bending), and
________________ (rocks moving along a crack/break).
An earthquake has an Epicenter: _________________________________ and a Focus:
____________________________________________
These are different because
These 2 points are similar because
Earthquakes travel in waves. These come in 2 forms. ________________________ waves start
at the __________________________ and travel through the Earth. They include the
__________ waves and the ___________ waves.
____________________ waves start at the ___________________ and travel on Earth’s
_________________. They are the _____________ waves.
___________ waves are the fastest moving and reach a point first. They travel through
___________________ and ________________.
__________ waves are slower and travel only through _______________. They reach a point
second. The __________________ lag time is important because it is used to determine the
origin of an earthquake.
_____________ waves are the slowest and cause the most damage when an earthquake happens.
Seismograms and seismographs are important in studying earthquakes because they
The location of an earthquake’s epicenter is found by




The Richter scale measures ______________________ on a scale from
_______________________________. The Mercalli scale measures ________________ on a
scale from _____________________.