Download Chem 100 Unit 4 Organic Chemistry

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

page
1
page
2
page
3
page
4
page
5
page
6
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript 
Chemistry of Carbon
Organic Chemistry studies the compounds of the element carbon
In many of these compounds carbon is found bonded to
Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens
Contrasting organic and inorganic compounds
Type of Compound
Organic
Type of bonds
Covalent
Melting point
Low
Boiling point
Low
Combustibility
Burns easily
Number of molecules
Millions
Water solubility
Mostly nonpolar so
insoluble
Conductivity
Nonelectrolytes
Elements found in organic compounds
Element
Lewis dot
structure
Carbon
C
Hydrogen
H
Oxygen
O
Sulfur
S
Nitrogen
Halogens
F, Cl, Br, I
Alkanes
N
Cl
# of bonds
Inorganic
Ionic
High
High
Does not burn easily
Thousands
Most are polar or ionic so
soluble
Electrolytes
Bond arrangements
Hydrocarbons: The simplest carbon compounds
Alkanes
General
Example
formula
Full Structural formula
H
H
H
CnH2n+2
saturated
Alkenes
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
CnH2n
Condensed structural
formula
H
Name
CH3CH2CH3
propane
CH2CHCH3
propene
CHCCH3
propyne
H
unsaturated
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
Alkynes
CnH2n-2
unsaturated
H
C
C
C
H
H
The main source of hydrocarbons is oil.
Hydrocarbons can also have a ring stucture:
H
C
HC
CH
HC
CH
C
H
This is benzene. It has what is called an aromatic structure
Types of Carbon
Primary
1o Bonded to
only 1 other
carbon
Secondary
Tertiary
2 o Bonded to 2
other carbons
3 o Bonded to 3
other carbons
Quarternary 4
o
Bonded to 4
other carbons
H
H
CH3
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
CH3
H
H
CH3
H
H
Alkanes
Name
Molecular
Full Structural formula
Uses
Formula
H
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H H H H
H H H H H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H H H H H
H H H H H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
Name
methyl
Side Chains and side groups
Full Structure
C
H
H
2- methylpropane
H
H H
Ethyl
H
C
C
H
H
Isopropyl
H
H
H
CH3H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
4-methyloctane
H
H
Propyl
Example
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
4-isopropylheptane
CH3
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
C
CH3
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
Fluoro
F
Fluoroethane
H
F
H
Chloro
Cl
Cl
Chloromethane
H
I
H
1-iodobutane
H
Br H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
2-bromopropane
Iodo
H
H
Bromo
Br
C
H
I
Class of
compound name
Functional group
Alkane
C
C
Alkene
C
Functional Groups
Functional
group name/
description
Single
bonded
carbons
Example Name
Ethane
H
Double
bonded
carbons
C
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
Ethene
H
H
C
C
H
Alkyne
C
C
C
Aromatic
C
C
C
Triple
bonded
carbon atoms
Aromatic
ring of six
carbons
H
Ethyne
H
C
C
H
Benzene
H
H
C
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
C
H
H
Alcohol
O
H
hydroxyl
Methanol
H 3C
Ether
Oxygen
bonded to 2
carbons
O
O
Aldehyde
OH
Methoxymethane
O
H 3C
C
carbonyl
O
CH3
Methanal
O
C
H
H3 C
O
Ketone
Carbonyl
between 2
carbons
C
C
2-propanone
O
H 3C
O
Carboxylic acid
carboxyl
H
C
CH3
Ethanoic acid
O
C
OH
H3C
Ester
O
C
Thiol
Carboxyl
group with H
replaced by C
O
S
O
C
O
CH3
Methanethiol
H3C
Amine
OH
Methylmethanoate
H 3C
H
C
S
H
Amino methane
H
N
H3C
N
H
Amide
O
C
N
Related documents