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Chapter 7
The American Revolution
Name ________________________
Section __________
Section 7.1
The Revolution Begins
The First Continental Congress
1. (From “The Story Continues section). John Adams and
Samuel Adams were related in what way? They were
________________.
2. The First Continental Congress met in
_____________________ in the fall of 1774. What
colony did not send representatives?
________________________ (Why? Because their royal governor was able to block them from
sending any)
3. The purpose was to figure out what to do about what was going on in ____________.
Some thought they should make ________________, while others thought they should
_________________. This will happen more than once.
4. Eventually, they agreed to do the following
a. continue to ___________ British goods
b. warn the militias to be prepared to ___________
c. sent a list of ____________________ to King George III
d. if the King didn’t agree to this, they would ___________________, in May of 1775
The “Shot Heard Round the World”
Wasn’t literally heard around the world
5. Those in the local militias that were ready to fight at a moment’s notice were called
______________________.
6. The British want to take away the guns and ammunition of these militia men, which
was stored in ______________. When the Sons of Liberty found out that the British were
on their way toward Concord, 2 of them, ___________________ and
_____________________ warned the minutemen that “The British are Coming!!!” We’ll
talk more about this in class
7. To get to Concord from Boston, the British had to travel through Lexington. see map
above On April 19, the minutemen were ready and waiting in Lexington. Fighting began
(no one knows who fired first) and the colonists had _____ wounded and ______ dead.
8. The British continued onward to Concord. Remember what they were looking for there?
Did they find it? ____________ Why/Why not? ____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Then the British soldiers turn around and started their march back to Boston. From
behind ____________ and ___________________, the minutemen fired on the British
soldiers. They were easy targets thanks to their __________________________, earning
them the nickname Redcoats. Lobsterbacks was another one of their nicknames. They
suffered __________ casualties by the time they made it back to Boston.
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10. As people learned about the fighting at Lexington and Concord, they became
_________________.
11. So if the events at Lexington and Concord weren’t literally “heard around the world”
why is it called that? __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
The Second Continental Congress
12. Now that actual fighting has begun, the colonists have to decide how to react to it. That
is why the ___________________ Continental Congress met in the city of
__________________________ in May of 1775.
13. Did they decide right then and there to fight for independence? ______________
14. They made the following decisions at that meeting
a. created the __________________________________
b. chose ______________________________ to be in charge of it
c.
a last ditch effort to keep the ________________, the Olive Branch Petition, (the olive
branch is a symbol of _______________) Did the King accept or reject this? He
_____________________ it.
Early Battles
15. Fort Ticonderoga was important because it guarded the access to
____________________________. This fort belonged to the _______________.
16. The colonists, led by Ethan ____________ and ________________ Arnold (who at this time
was a prominent colonial soldier, not a traitor) attacked the fort by surprise. What items did
they take from the fort? ____________________________________________
17. The following month, fighting occurred at _______________ Hill and ____________ Hill,
after colonists put up defenses there to protect it from the British trying to capture
Charlestown.
18. During this fighting, the colonists were running low on _____________________. To
make it last as long as possible, they were ordered not to fire their weapons “until you
see the ______________________________________.”
19. They might have won that battle, but eventually they had to retreat because they ran out
of _________________________. The battle showed the British that the colonists
__________________________________________________________.
20. Eventually, George Washington arrived and wanted to get the British to _____________
Boston. Remember all the cannons that were captured at Fort Ticonderoga? Well poor
Henry _____________ got the job of transporting those cannons the ______________
miles to Boston in the middle of ________________. Fun!
21. Washington had those cannons placed up on the hills around Boston and fired down
onto the British. The British _____________________ from Boston to Canada.
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Quiz 7.1 Topics
Places
 Lexington – why was it important? What happened there?
 Concord – why was it important? What was stored there?
 Fort Ticonderoga – why was it important? What happened there?
 Boston – how was its geography significant (what effect did it have)? What happened
there after the British returned? Why did the British leave and where did they go?
People and terms
 Minutemen – who are they? What do they do?
 Ethan Allen – what did he do?
 Benedict Arnold – what did he do?
Meetings
 First Continental Congress – why did they meet? What did they accomplish?
 Second Continental Congress – what did they do? How was this different from the
First Continental Congress?
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Section 7.2
Declaring Independence
Paine’s Common Sense
1. Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet (kind of a short
book) called ___________________
_______________. He was able to write it in such
a way that the common ____________ could
understand.
2. One of the big ideas of this pamphlet was that laws should be made by the
_________________, not the kings. What made this idea so new was that in most places,
the ruler was a _________________.
3. Did Paine support the idea of independence from Britain? _______________
4. His work had a great impact on the colonists. Many people that read his pamphlet
began to think differently about independence from Britain. What did they think?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Declaring Independence
5. The Second Continental Congress wanted someone to write a document putting into
words these ideas of independence. John _______________, Benjamin
_________________, Thomas _________________, Robert Livingston and Roger Sherman
were on a committee to write this document. The main author was
____________________. This document is known as the ____________________ _____
______________________________.
6. There were some pretty big ideas in the Declaration.
a. “men have unalienable rights” is an idea that comes from writers during the
Enlightenment time period, such as _____________________. It means that men
have basic rights including _________________, _____________ and the
_______________________________________.
b. The King had been __________________________ these rights.
c. Because the King had violated their rights, they had the right to
_____________________________ from Britain.
7. The Declaration of Independence was approved on ______________________________
Choosing Sides
8. A Patriot is someone who chooses to ________________________________________.
9. A Loyalist is someone who remains _________________________________________.
Another name for a Loyalist is a _________________. Not all colonists chose a side, many
remained neutral.
10. Would you have been a: Patriot Loyalist Neutral (circle one)
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11. Who said “give me liberty (freedom) or give me death!” _____________________________
What does he mean by this? _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
12. What happened to the Loyalists after the Declaration was signed? ________________
_______________________________________________. About how many left?
_________________ Where did they go? _____________________
13. What were the reasons why someone might have remained loyal to the King?
_______________________________________________________________________
Other Reactions to the Declaration
14. Not all colonists were represented in the Declaration. What two groups were left out?
____________________ and __________________
15. What issue causes a conflict among the colonies and will continue to do so for many,
many, many more years? __________________
16. Read about Abigail Adams in this section and the information on the side of page 193.
In what way do you think she influenced her husband, John Adams?
______________________________________________________________________
Declaration of Independence pages 194-197
17. It was adopted by Congress on what date? ____________________________
18. Who was the main author? _______________________________
19. How long did it take for him to write the first draft? _______________ read the side
20. How many states were there when this was written? ____________________________
21. Why are some words underlined and in bold?
____________________________________________________________________________
22. About 2/3 of the way down on page 196 is the statement “In every stage of these
Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms” What do you
think they mean by this (remember to look at the margins for help). _____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
23. More people from Pennsylvania signed the Declaration than any other colony. Why do
to you think this is so? _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
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Section 7.3
Dark Hours for the Revolution
Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses
1. We are looking at comparing the two armies at the beginning of
the war. Fill in the chart.
Advantages of the British Army
Advantages of the Continental Army
More ______________ and resources
____________ of many of their citizens
(British army had to deal with hostile Americans)
Powerful __________________, Largest
____________ in the world
(the colonists had no navy at all!)
Their supplies were nearby
(the British had to ship their supplies from
overseas)
Well trained ____________________ soldiers
(the colonists had only poorly trained militia)
Patriots _____________ in their cause
(British were fighting because it was their job)
A Call to Arms
2. Washington had the difficult task of organizing and getting enough _________________
to fight.
3. Why did Washington ban African Americans from serving in the Continental Army?
Remember that Washington was from Virginia
_________________________________________________________________________
4. The British thought they could use this to their advantage. They promised any slave that
fought for them their __________________________ after the war. This was called
_______________ ___________________ ______________________. Eventually the
Continental Army allowed free (not slave) African Americans to join, eventually
_______________ will join.
Other Sources of Help
5. Native Americans helped which side? circle British
Patriots
6. Women helped too. When the men were away at war, the women ran the _____________
and _________________________. Others raised ___________________ or made
_____________________. Some were messengers, _________________ or _____________
and some even pretended to be ______________ and fought.
British Victories
7. Some Patriot leaders wanted to take over ________________________. This idea will come
up again in US history.
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8. The Continental Army lost big at ____________________. This pretty much ended their
chances of taking ________________.
9. In July of 1776, the Continental Army was in ______ _____________. The British forced
the Continental Army off ________________ Island to ______________________ Island.
The British continued to push the Continental Army until they were completely out of
____________________.
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Section 7.4
The Patriots Gain New Hope
Battle of
_______________
____
Battle of
_______________
____
Battle of
_______________
____
Battle of
_______________
____
Victory in New Jersey
1. The British had their sights set on
________________________ in the Fall of
1776. Overconfident, British General
Howe gave his troops a rest from fighting. He left New Jersey to the
___________________ (hired German __________________). He will later regret doing this!
2. Washington and the Patriots were able to take advantage of this. Using the element of
___________________, Washington planned an attack targeting Trenton. He crossed the
Delaware River on Christmas night. The next day, in less than ____________________,
they captured over 900 Hessians. This was a huge victory!!!
3. Look at the painting on page 203 inspired by the crossing of the Delaware River. What
emotions do you think the painter wanted people looking at it to feel?
_________________________________________________________________________
There are some things wrong with this painting. What is probably not correct about it?
________________________________________________________________
4. Washington kept going, marching northeast to the town of _____________________.
Again using the element of ____________________, the Patriots attacked. This was
another huge _______________________ for the Continental Army.
Turning Point at Saratoga
5. The British were embarrassed and came up with a plan to cut _____ ________________
off from the rest of the colonies and meet up in Albany, New York.
6. They started off well, British General Burgoyne recaptured _________ _______________,
but then had problems getting across New York.
7. On British General Howe’s way to Albany, he decided to attack _____________________.
Washington’s troops met the British at the Battle of ________________________________.
This was a pretty big victory for the ______________________.
8. Burgoyne got to Albany before the other two parts of the British army. He was
____________________ by the Continental Army. The battle that followed at
____________________ was an enormous win for the ______________________. They
captured all of Burgoyne’s army.
9. This win at ___________________________ was the biggest win of all for the Patriots.
How did it affect the army? It ________________________________ and led to increased
____________________________. Saratoga is known as the turning point of the war.
Foreign Allies
10. What two countries had been secretly helping the Patriots? ________________ and
_____________________ Why did they help them? ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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11. Benjamin Franklin went to ______________ to get even more support. What event
convinced France help more? __________________________________________________.
12. Spain started helping more too and was especially helpful where? ___________________
______________________________________________________________________________
13. Fill in the chart You may need to look at the next section for some information
Name
Country
How they helped
Bernardo de Galvez
Governor of ________________
________________________
Helpful on the
___________________ frontier
Marquis de
Lafayette
_____________________________
Fought & gave _______________
to help the Patriot cause.
Tadeusz Kosciuszko
_____________________________
Shared army
_____________________ skills
Kazimierz Pulaski
_____________________________
Trained _______________ units
Baron Friedrich von
Steuben
_____________________________
Yes this used to be a country
Trained the American troops at
________________________
Winter at Valley Forge
14. True or False circle one There was a very important battle at Valley Forge.
15. Washington and his troops camped at ________________________ Pennsylvania in the
winter of 1777-1778. The winter was rough. They had little ________________ and
___________________. More than ___________________ of the soldiers died there from
_____________________ and _______________________.
16. Have you ever been to Valley Forge Park? Yes
no What about King of Prussia
Mall? Yes
no The park is right near the mall, take a drive through it next time you are
nearby. Watch for the deer!
17. Baron von Steuben was able to turn the troops into a __________________ group of
soldiers.
The War at Sea
18. The navy was in pretty bad shape. They had just been created in ______________ but
they only had _________ fighting ships. Remember the British had the best navy in the world.
19. Because their navy was so weak, they avoided large battles and instead attacked
individual _______________, supply ports and merchant ships. They did quite a bit of
damage. Many of the ships raiding the British weren’t ________________ part of the US
Navy.
20. John Paul Jones was a ___________ and clever sailor. He’s known for a specific quote.
When asked if he was ready to surrender, he replied “______________________________
___________________________________________!” Eventually he won that battle!
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Section 7.5
Independence!
The War in the West
1. George Rogers Clark had some
experience in the frontier region and used
that experience to build an ___________.
His first target was the British trading village of ______________________.
2. Using the element of ______________________, he was able to capture Kaskaskia
without a fight. He later captured the town of _______________________, also without a
fight.
3. He was even able to convince many Indian leaders to stay ______________ instead of
helping the British.
4. After Vincennes was taken back by the British, he fought again and was able to
__________________ it.
The War in the South
5. The British turned their attention to the __________________ colonies. The British were
able to capture the port city of __________________________ Georgia, then
___________________ South Carolina.
6. While the British were in the South, they __________________ the personal property of
the people living there.
7. Another big Patriot loss was the Battle of __________________ South Carolina. Not New
Jersey! This battle pretty much destroyed the southern part of the Patriot army.
8. Since they didn’t have much of an army in the south, they used another tactic called
________________________________. This is swift ______________________ attacks. The
most well known for fighting like this was _____________________________. The main
character in the movie The Patriot was based on him.
9. Marion’s nickname was the ________________________.
Victory at Yorktown
10. In 1781, Benedict Arnold did what? _________________________________________ Why
did he do this? ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
11. Cornwallis, the _______________________ general, moved his forces to
________________ Virginia in an attempt to tighten his hold on the southern colonies.
He was getting ready to attack a small force of Patriots there.
12. At the same time, the Patriots were making plans with the ____________.
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13. The French naval fleet sailed into the
_____________________ Bay and the Continental
Army and French general Rochambeau arrived by
land. They ____________________ the British forces
in Yorktown. Near Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown
and Busch Gardens
14. The siege of Yorktown lasted for ___________.
Eventually, Cornwallis and the British forces
_________________________________.
The Treaty of Paris
15. It took over _________ years to come to a peace agreement. This agreement was called
the ____________________________________________.
16. In this treaty,
a. Britain recognized the ________________________________
b. The ____________________ of the US were created (_____________________ on the
North, ________________________________ on the west, and
__________________________ to the South)
c. Britain also agreed that the colonists could settle and ____________ west of the
original 13 colonies.
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Topics for Quiz 7.5 - Independence!
In the West
Who –
First target –
Vincennes –
In the South
Why concentrate on the South?
Camden, South Carolina –
Guerrilla warfare
What is it?
Who?
Where?
Yorktown
What happened?
Who helped?
Treaty of Paris of 1783
What did it do?
What did it say?
1.
2.
3.
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Chapter 7 Test –Study Guide
1.
_________________________are members of the Boston militia.
2. The nickname for the British soldiers was _______________________ because their uniforms were red
and made them targets.
3. A ______________________ was a colonist who chose to fight for their independence.
4. _______________________ were American soldiers that were willing to fight at a moments notice.
5. A colonist who sided with Britain in the war was a ____________________.
6. ____________________________ are hired foreign soldiers. __________________________ soldiers helped
out the British army.
7. The colonists described the rights they believed they had in the _________________________________
______________________. Thomas Jefferson, an American, wrote this document.
8. The commander of the American Continental Army was _______________________________________.
9. ________________________________ was John Adams’ wife and wanted the rights of women included
in the Declaration of Independence.
10. ___________________________________, an American, wrote Common Sense.
11. It was because of ______________________________________________ that the Patriots did so well at
sea.
12. The Patriot who was great at guerrilla warfare was ___________________________________________.
13. Washington led the Continental Army to defeat the British at ________________________ (final
battle of the war).
14. The __________________________________________ was the battle in which George Washington led
the troops across the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians the day after Christmas.
15. There was no battle at _________________________________. Baron _________ __________________
helped out the Americans here.
16. The Battle of ____________________________ was a major turning point of the American Revolution.
17. The ____________________________________________________________ created the Continental Army
and put George Washington in charge.
18. The war ended with the __________________________________________ (document).
19. William Howe was a _______________________________ military leader (name the country)
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Study Topics - Chapter 7
People
Abigail Adams
Francis Marion
George Washington
John Paul Jones
Thayendanegea
John Burgoyne
William Howe
Benedict Arnold
Joseph Brant
Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
George Rogers Clark
Horatio Gates
Marquis de Lafayette
Thomas Gage
Bernardo de Galvez
Baron von Steuben
Vocabulary
Redcoats
Patriots
Loyalists
Mercenaries
Minutemen
First Continental Congress
Second Continental Congress
Continental Army
Treaty of Paris
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
Hessians
Events
Lexington and Concord
Battle of Bunker Hill
Battle of Princeton
Battle of Trenton
Battle of Saratoga
Battle of Brandywine Creek
Winter at Valley Forge
Yorktown
Be able to . . . .
Name the 5 parts of the Declaration of Independence and explain what each part is about.
Classify terms and people as either British or United States (ex: Patriot is US, William Howe
is British)
Give advantages and disadvantages for both the British and the United States at the
beginning of the American Revolution.
Explain how other countries and foreign individuals helped the United States.
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