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WESTERLY HIGH SCHOOL Subject Course Task Name Type Student Name Year of Graduation Teacher Date PBGR COMMON TASK Social Studies Modern Middle East History Spread of Islam Essay Anchor task Extended Mr Gleason Targeted Learner Outcomes, GSEs & Standards Learner Outcomes and/or CCSSs Content Standards Students understand the manner in PBGR 1 Argumentative Writing which Islam spread Student is able to recognize potential bias in the histories provided Student understands the arguments and theories explaining the spread of Islam Directions Teacher Student General Planning/Student Preparation: With the teacher, you should: To be successful at this task, be sure your students practice the following: Use general information from readings and notes along with primary source documents to evaluate the spread of Islamic civilization. Recognition of bias inherent in primary and secondary sources Analyzing and writing about historical interpretations Guidelines for Administering the Task: Students will work alone on the task. Students may write and annotate directly on the text. Review directions, standards and rubrics with students Review the standards and learner outcomes. Read and discuss the rubric prior to working on the task. Identify the most important criteria of the rubric. Ask questions for clarification of the rubric if needed. Independently, you should: Read each prompt and follow the directions carefully. Ask your teacher clarifying questions when anything is unclear to you Time: 1 class period + appropriate time to write essay independently 1 Task Prompt At present there are 1.5 billion Muslims worldwide and they form the majority in more than 50 countries of the world. Today Islam is the fastest growing faith in the world. Over the years there has been debate to the reasons and methods used in Islam’s spread from a handful of followers of the Prophet Muhammad to a great world wide religion. Of particular interest, especially after the comments Pope Benedict XVI made a couple years ago, is the question was the spread of Islam due more to faith or force? Using the documents fill in the following graphic organizer and then write a 4 paragraph, 2-3 page typed essay answering the following prompt: How did Islamic civilization spread to encompass such an extensive empire? Discuss the practices and methods used in its spread and then decide if you believe it spread more due to Faith or Force. Prior to writing the essay you need to complete attached graphic organizer. In your essay you need to quote from a minimum of 4 documents. Paragraph 1- Introduction on the birth of Islam. Fully explain its creation with Muhammad in the 600’s AD, including who Muhammad was and where, how, and why Islam formed. Included in this paragraph should be a thesis statement that makes an argument on the main cuse for the spread of this religion. Paragraph 2- Using the documents explain how Islam grew by Faith (min 2) Paragraph 3- Using the documents explain how Islam grew by Force (min 2) Paragraph 4- Conclude by referring to the documents and evaluating if you believe the spread was more due to Faith or Force 2 Document 1 This quotation from the Qur’an offers specific directions to Muslims. Ye shall do battle with them, or they shall profess Islam . . . whosoever shall obey God and His Apostle, He shall bring him into the gardens of [Paradise]; but whosoever shall turn back, He will punish him ... Believe and the followers of the prophet will defend you. Document 2 This excerpt is from History of the Middle East, by Joseph McCoy, 1984. We have witnessed a people [Muslims] to each and every one of whom humility is preferable to prominence, and to none of whom this world has the least attraction. Their leader is like one of them: the low cannot be distinguished from the high, nor the master from the slave. And when the prayer time comes, all wash their hands and feet and humbly pray together as one regardless of race or class. For the people of many regions where Christianity and Judaism were not prevalent this had great appeal. Document 3 This description of the Battle of Tours in 732, is from Fifteen Decisive Battle of the World by Sir Edward Crecy The Muslims struck their enemies and laid waste to the country and took captives without number. . . everything gave way to their scimitars [swords]. . . All the nations of the Franks trembled as that terrible army . . . attacked Tours . . . and the fury and cruelty of the Muslims towards the inhabitants of the city were like the fury and cruelty of raging tigers. 3 Document 4 From J.J. Saunders, The Caliph Omar: Arab Imperialist , 1961 Koranic revelation commanded them to "Fight in the cause of God against those who fight you, but do not be the aggressors. "The early Muslims thus fought their heathen enemies who attacked them in their journeys . . . war against unbelievers was sanctioned by divine revelation and the example of the Prophet. But many Arabs were Jews or Christians: What was to be done with them? Muhammad respected the older monotheistic faiths . . . he called them "People of the Book". . . they were not forced into Islam but were allowed to retain their ancestral religion on payment of tribute. Thus the early Muslims lived among and with people of many faiths but Islam would ultimately become the preferred religion of the areas within the spread of Islamic faith and culture. Document 5 In this excerpt from The Spirit of Islam, by a Muslim writer, Syed Amerr Ali (London: Chatto and Windus, 1964) the expansion of Islam is defended and that of Christianity criticized. Islam never interfered with the dogmas [doctrines] of any moral faith, and its followers never persecuted . . . Islam "grasped the sword" only in self defense; Christianity grasped it in order to stifle freedom of thought and liberty of belief. Wherever Christianity prevailed, no other religion could be followed. . .The Muslims, on the other hand, required from others a simple guarantee of peace, tribute in return for protection, of perfect equality—on condition of the acceptance of Islam. . . Document 6 Philip K. Hitti, in History of the Arabs, 1946 offers another explanation for the spread. The passion to go to heaven in the next life may have been operative with some, but the desire for the comforts and luxuries of the civilized regions of the Fertile Crescent was just as strong in the case of many . . . The early Muslim campaigns seem to have started with the objective in most cases of finding booty [riches] in foreign lands . . . The movement acquired momentum as the followers passed from victory to victory . . . the creation of the Muslim empire followed inevitably and the religion spread far and why as a result. 4 Graphic Organizer Spread of Islam Essay: Document According to this document the spread of Islam was due to… Faith or Force? Explain by citing evidence from document Holy Qur’an History of the Middle East Fifteen Decisive Battle of the World Document According to this document the spread of Islam was due to… Faith or Force? Explain by citing evidence from document 5 The Caliph Omar: Arab Imperialist The Spirit of Islam History of the Arabs Accommodations to Meet Student Needs To the student: The directions above should be followed unless you require accommodations for task administration. These accommodations may be described in your IEP, 504 Plan, PLP, or in relation to your status as an English Language Learner. If you require accommodations, tell your teacher about them. Together, you and your teacher should describe the accommodations you require in the space below: Presentation/format:________________________________________________ Timing/scheduling: _________________________________________________ 6 Mode of response: __________________________________________________ Environment/setting: ________________________________________________ 7 8