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數學名詞翻譯
1. arithmetic
science of numbers
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
notation
writing numbers
numeration reading numbers
Arabic numeration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
addition（加法）：75+23+16=114 75.23.16（addend）114（sum）+（plus）
subtraction（減法）：15-8=7 15（minuend）8（subtrahend）7（difference）-（ ）
multiplication（乘法）multiplying：58×27=406+1160=1566 58.27（factor）406.1160（partial
product） 1566（product）×（times cross）
8. division（除法）dividing：352784÷437=807…125 352784（dividend）437（divisor）807
（quotient 商） 125（remainder 餘） check（驗算） estimate
（估商）
9. rounding number（概數）
：if determining digit is 5 or more round up，if determining digit is less
then 5， round down to nearest digit。
10. commas ones tens hundreds（units）one thousands ten thousands hundred thousands
（thousands） one millions ten millions hundred millions （millions） one billions ten
billions hundred billions（billions）
11. linear measures ：kilometer hectometer decameter meter decimeter centimeter millimeter
公（里引丈尺寸分釐）
12. measure of capacity：kiloliter hectoliter deciliter liter deciliter centiliter milliliter
公（秉石斗升合勺撮）
13. measure of time：1000years=millennium 100years=century 20years=score 10yaers=decade
12months=1year 366days=1 leap year 365days=1year =about 52weeks
7days=1week 24hours=1day 60minutes=1hour 60seconds=1minutes
14. measure of weight：kilogram hectogram decagram gram decigram centigram milligram
公（噸擔衡斤兩錢克）
15. converting measure（轉換單位）
：multiply or divide by conversion rules and conversion factors
16. converting metric measure（公制單位）
：mutiply or divide by 10，convert from larger to smaller
each step taken to the right
17. divisibility rules：
a number is divisible by 2，if it is an even number
3，if sum of the digits is divisible by 3
4，if last two digits are divisible by 4
5，if it ends in 0 or 5
6，if it is even and divisible by 3
9，if sum of the digits is divisible by 9
18. Pairs of factors（因素分解）
：factors means all the numbers that will divide without a remainder
into a number
19. greateat common factor（gcf 最大公因數）：common factor is a factor that is shared by two or
more
1
numbers，the largest factor is gcf
20. prime to each other （互質）：numbers share only the common factor of 1
21. prime number （質數）：no factor except for 1 and itself
22. composite number （合數）：has other factors beside 1 and itself
23. 1 considered neither prime nor composite：1 不是質數也不是合數
24. prime factor（質因數）：2 is a prime factor of 8
25. fundamental theorem of arithmetic （因數分析）
26. division by primes（質因數分解）：all the prime factor are found when the quotient is prime
54=2x3x3x3
27. factoring tree：
24
4
6
2
2 2
3
28. least common multiples（lcm 最小公倍數）：use the letters l c m to make finding the lcm
list-list the prime factors of numbers
contest-have a contest to find which number has the most of each prime factor
multiply-multiply the prime factors from the contest
multiply all the different factors is the smallest multiple that is shared by two or more numbers
29. exponents（指數）
：4=2‧2=22 is read two squared and two is used as factor twice，23 is read two
cubed 24is read two to the fourth power，exponents are small numbers written a little to the right
and above a number（called the base 底數）
30. fractions（分數）：a fraction is one or more of the equal parts of a whole
31. numerator（分子）：the top number，tells how many equal parts are used
32. denominator （分母）
：the bottom number，tells how many equal parts the whole is divided into
33. mixed number（帶分數）：contains a whole number and a fraction
34. equivalent fraction（等值分數）：cross multiplication can check equivalent fraction
35. reduce a fraction to lowest terms（約成最簡分數）
36. proper and improper fractions（真分數和假分數）
：proper fraction less then 1，numerator is less
then denominator，the numerator of an improper fraction is equal to or greater than the
denominator
37. adding or subtracting fractions：keep the common denominator by finding the lcm of the
denominator and add or subtracting（borrow 1 from whole number）the numerator
38. multiplying fractions：multiply the numerator together for the product numerator and
denominator together for the product denominator
39. cancellation（約分）
：simplify fractions before multiplying，canceled numerator and denominator
if they have a common factor
40. dividing by a fraction：division is opposite of multiplication，to divide by a fraction，invert the
divisor and multiply，after inversion，use cancellation，in 3/4÷3/8 we need to know what factor
multiplied by 3/8 equals 3/4.
41. decimals（小數）：a decimal is another way to write a fraction，0.38=38/100
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42. mixed decimal（帶小數）：
43. decimal point（小數點）
：tenths 十分位 hundredths 百分位 one thousandths 千分位 ten thousand
萬分位 hundred thousandths 十萬分位 one millionths 百萬分位
44. comparing decimals：＞means is greater than＜means is less than
45. adding and subtracting decimals：the decimal point in the sum must be written directly below
the decimal points in the addends
46. multiplying decimals：count the total number of decimal place in both factors and count off
that many places in product，annex zero to the left of the product if the number of decimal
places to be counted off is more than the number of digit in product
47. dividing decimal：place the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in the
dividend
48. fraction-decimal equivalents：
49. repeating decimal（循環小數）：a decimal that never terminates when the numerator is divided
by the denominator
50. terminating decimal（有限小數）：a fraction that divides out evenly
51. three dots or a line over the digits that repeat：for example 5/6=.83… or .83
52. rounding off decimals（概數）：≒means is approximatly1.4293≒1.429nearest thousandth
53. estimating products（估算）：8.7×999.9≒9×1000
54. division with a decimal divisor：multiplying both the dividend and the divisor by the same
number does not change the quotient
55. ratio（比）：the ratio 5 to 8 may be expressed three ways（1）5 to 8（2）5：8（3）5/8，5：
8the first term 5 in a ratio is the antecedent（前項）
；the second term 8 is the consequent（後項）
56. proportions：a proportion is two equivalent ratios joined by an equal sign 1：2=3：6 ，1 and 6
are the extremes（外項）2 and 3 are the means（內項）
，in a proportion，the product of the means
must equal the product of the extremes
57. percent（百分率）：percent means hundredths，17﹪=.17，150﹪=1.5，.2﹪=.002
58. percentage：1=1﹪，12=12﹪，
59. discounts（折扣）：a discount is a reduction in the list price of an item or service，the rate of
discount is the percent of discount
60. probability（或然率）：chosen outcomes/probability outcomes（選擇結果/所有可能結果）
61. pictograph（統計圖）
：range（組距）difference between highest and lowest numerical information
（statistics）
，mean（平均）average of the number，median（中位數）the meddle number in
a group of numbers that are arranged in numerical order，scale（尺度刻度）labels（項次）
62. bar graph（長條圖）：some time a vertical bar graph is called a column graph
63. line graph（折線圖）circle graph（圓形圖 pie chart）
64. geometry（幾何）：point
line segment（線段）：a group of points having two endpoints.
Line（直線）：extends indefinitely in two opposite directions, no endpoints.
ray（射線）：having one endpoint, extends indefinitely in one direction.
angle：two rays that share a common endpoint-vertex（頂點）
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intersecting lines（交叉線）
perpendicular lines（垂直線）
parallel lines（平行線）
65. plane（平面）：represented by a smooth, flat surface that has no thickness and extends
indefinitely in all directions.
66. simple closed figure does not have a point pf intersection.
67. similar figures（相似）： have the same shape but not the same size. congruent figures（全等）
68. polygon（多邊形）：triangle（三角形 polygon with three sides）
quadrilateral（四邊形 polygon with four sides）
parallelogram（平行四邊形 a quadrilateral having opposite sides which are parallel）
rectangle（矩形長方形 a parallelogram having 4 right angles）
square（正方形 a rectangle having 4 congruent sides）
rhombus（菱形 a parallelogram having 4 congruent sides）
trapezoid（梯形 a quadrilateral having only 2 sides that are parallel）
pentagon（五邊形 a polygon having 5 sides）
hexagon（六邊形 a polygon having 6 sides）
heptagon（七邊形 a polygon having 7 sides）
octagon（八邊形）
vertexes（頂點 the points where the sides of polygon meet）
diagonal（對角線 two opposite vertexes are joined by a line）
69. perimeter（周長）：the distance around the polygon, finding the sum of the lengths of the sides
70. area（面積）：acre（英畝） hectare（ha 公頃）=10000square meters
area of a rectangle can be found by using the formula A=l×w（l=length w=width）
area of a square can be found using the formula A=s×s=s2（A equals s squared）（s=side）
area of a parallelogram A=b×h（b=base h=height）
area of a triangle A=
1
b×h
2
don’t forget that area must be in square units
71. circle：a circle is a simple closed curve, all points on the edge are equally distant from a point
called the center。The radius（半徑 radii（半徑的複數）） is the length of a straight line drawn
from the center to a point on the circle, diameter（直徑）a line segment（割線）that goes through
the center of the circle and has both endpoints on the circle, diameter=2 radii, arc（弧）is a part
of the distance around a circle（circumference 圓周）
，semicircle（半圓）is an arc that exactly
half the circumference.
1
7
decimal），C=2×π×r，area of a circle A=π×r2
73. compass（圓規、羅盤、指南針）
，protractor（量角器、半圓規、分度器）
，circles contain 360o
（360 degree）
， right angle＝90° ，an acute angle has less than 90° , an obtuse angle has more
than 90° ，an straight angle has 180°
72. circumference=π×d,π≒3 ，it is an irrational number（無理數 nonterminating, nonrepeating
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