Download Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins

Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
 Draw the basic structure of a generalised amino
acid
COOH
|
R–C–H
|
NH2
Draw the ring structure of an alpha-D glucose
13
Draw the basic structure of glycerol and a
generalised fatty acid
CH20H
|
CH2OH
|
CH2OH
Fatty Acid
CxH(2x+1)-COOH (saturated)
CsomethingHbigsomethingCOOH (saturated)
Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in
the relationships between monosaccharides and
disaccharides; fatty acids, glycerol and trigylcerides,
amino acids dipeptides and polypeptides
 Monosaccharide à Condensation Reaction à Disaccharide
(Condensation, loss of a single water molecule)
 Disaccharide à Hydrolysis à Monosaccharide (Hydrolysis
gain of single water molecule)
 Fatty Acids + Glycerol à Condensation Reaction à Fats
 Amino Acid (carboxyl group)+ Amino Acid(amino group)
à Condensation Reaction à Dipeptide
 Dipeptides + Amino Acids à Condensation Reaction à
Polysaccharide
Draw the structure of a generalised dipeptide,
showing the peptide linkage
H
H
\ /
N
|
R1-C-H
|
O=C
|
H-N
|
R2-C-H
|
C
// \
O
O-H
Explain the relative solubility of carbohydrates,
lipids, and proteins in water
·
Most lipids are insoluble because they have a long
hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic)
·
Carbohydrates are soluble because of the presence
of OH groups
·
Proteins are also soluble because of OH groups and
other groups and charges
·
Solubility decreases with size
Compare the energy content of carbohydrates,
lipids, and proteins
Lipids have about twice the energy of carbohydrates and
proteins in x mass
List two examples of monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides
 Monosaccharides
i.
ii.
iii.
Glucose
Ribose
Fructose
 Disaccharides
i.
Sucrose
ii.
Lactose
iii.
Maltose
 Polysaccharides
i.
Glycogen
ii.
Cellulose
iii.
Chitin
State one function for a monosaccharide and for a
polysaccharide
 Monosaccharide – Glucose/Ribose/Fructose =
Respiratory Substrates
 Polysaccharide – Glycogen = Storage carbohydrate in
plants and animals
State three functions of lipids
1.
Energy Source
2.
Energy Storage
3.
Insulation
4.
Protection
5.
Waterproofing
6.
Cell Membranes (Phospholipids are a major
component of)