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Chapter 27
1. The chemical and/or mechanical breakdown of food into particles that can be absorbed
by individual cells is called
A) digestion.
B) nutrition.
C) rumination.
D) regurgitation.
E) assimilation.
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Intracellular digestion takes place in
bats.
cnidarians.
bony fish.
amphibians.
insects.
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
With respect to their feeding habits, the vampire bat is unusual because it is a
herbivore.
deposit feeder.
fluid feeder.
omnivore.
suspension feeder.
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
With respect to their feeding habits, rabbits are primarily
omnivores.
insectivores.
carnivores.
herbivores.
sanguinivores.
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Much of animal evolution has been marked by the loss of
contractility.
endocrine coordination.
nervous coordination.
motility.
biosynthetic abilities.
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are categorized as __________ for heterotrophs.
macronutrients
inorganic nutrients
micronutrients
basic foodstuffs
supplemental foodstuffs
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A Calorie is equal to __________ calories.
500
1000
1500
2000
10,000
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The major dietary sources of energy for most heterotrophs are
proteins.
amino acids.
complex carbohydrates.
lipids.
fatty acids.
9. A polysaccharide that is produced by plants and serves as a major source of dietary fiber
is
A) cellulose.
B) glycogen.
C) fibrinogen.
D) galactose.
E) fructose.
10. The minerals __________ and potassium are vital to the functioning of nerves and
muscles in an animal's body.
A) iron
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) phosphorus
E) iodine
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is not a water soluble vitamin?
thiamine (B1)
riboflavin (B2)
pantothenic acid
vitamin A
biotin
12. The sequential muscular contractions that move nutrients along the digestive tract are
called
A) peristalsis.
B) digestion.
C) defecation.
D) mechanation.
E) rumination.
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13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An example of a relatively continuous feeder would be a
fish.
barnacle.
bat.
whale.
elephant.
14. The characteristic movement of the small and large intestines that mixes the nutrients
with digestive secretions is called
A) peristalsis.
B) ciliation.
C) segmentation.
D) rumination.
E) dilation.
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following does not have a complete digestive tract?
grasshopper
human
lamprey
planarian
nematode
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The ring of muscle located between the stomach and the small intestine is the
hepatic sphincter.
cardiac sphincter.
gastric sphincter.
ileocecal sphincter.
pyloric sphincter.
17. Which of the following would be expected to have the longest small intestine relative to
body size?
A) a lion
B) a rabbit
C) a human
D) a tiger
E) a wolf
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Glycoproteins called mucins help bind food in the mouth into a moist mass called the
sphincter.
oligosaccharide.
bolus.
mucoid.
mucosaccharide.
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19. Some of the gastric glands in the stomach lining contain __________ cells that secrete a
solution containing HCL.
A) chief
B) mucous
C) alpha
D) beta
E) parietal
20. Some of the gastric glands in the stomach lining contain __________ cells that secrete
pepsinogen.
A) chief
B) mucous
C) parietal
D) beta
E) alpha
21. A substance called __________ coats the stomach lining and protects it from the action
of HCL and digestive enzymes.
A) pepsin
B) mucus
C) flatus
D) gastrin
E) chyme
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The semi-liquid mass that passes from the stomach into the small intestine is called
the bolus.
gastrin.
chyme.
mucin.
flatus.
23. In the stomach of a mammal, food is mixed with the gastric enzymes pepsin, and
pepsinogen, as well as
A) gastric amylase.
B) H2SO4.
C) gastric lipase.
D) HCl.
E) NaO.
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24. In the small intestines, triglycerides become coated with proteins to form small droplets
called
A) diglycerides.
B) amino acids.
C) lipases.
D) glycerol.
E) chylomicrons.
25. Fingerlike projections called __________ greatly increase the absorptive surface of the
small intestine.
A) villi
B) rugae
C) appendices
D) ceca
E) chylomicrons
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A major function of the large intestine is
absorption of proteins.
reabsorption of water.
secretion of minerals.
digestion of carbohydrates.
digestion of fats.
27. Pancreatic __________ converts polysaccharides into disaccharides and
monosaccharides.
A) trypsin
B) pepsin
C) lipase
D) amylase
E) lactase
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Pancreatic __________ splits triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.
maltase
amylase
chymotrypsin
enterokinase
lipase
29. A digestive organ, the __________ is the major heat producing organ in a mammal's
body.
A) pancreas
B) liver
C) appendix
D) cecum
E) micelle
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30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The nitrogenous waste, urea, is formed in the
stomach.
pancreas.
liver.
kidneys.
gallbladder.
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Lipoproteins, cholesterol, and phospholipids are formed in the
pancreas.
duodenum.
lymph nodes.
liver.
stomach.
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Lipid aggregates with a surface coat of bile salts are called
chylomicrons.
bilirubins.
mucins.
cholesterol.
micelles.
33. One category of continuous feeders is __________, which continuously “strain” small
food particles out of the water.
A) suspension feeders
B) deposit feeders
C) planktivores
D) sessile opportunists
E) fluid feeders
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The earthworm is an example of a(n)
suspension feeder.
direct deposit feeder.
herbivore.
motile stalker.
grazing carnivore.
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An incomplete digestive tract is found in
aschelminths.
bivalve molluscs.
cnidarians.
insects.
lampreys.
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36. The __________ of birds develops from the caudal portion of the esophagus and is used
to store food.
A) gizzard
B) liver
C) omasum
D) crop
E) rumen
37. In ruminant mammals, microorganisms attack cellulose-containing food in
the__________, before the food encounters digestive enzymes.
A) stomach
B) omasum
C) abomasum
D) cecum
E) rumen
38.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Animals that “chew their cud” feed on materials that have a high __________ content.
cellulose
protein
lipid
iron
cellulase
39.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of these is the major detoxification organ in mammals?
kidney
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
stomach
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The vertebrate liver secretes __________ which emulsifies dietary fat.
amylase
lipase
HCl
bile salts
secretin
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