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Transcript
Evolution Vocabulary and Guiding Questions TERM DEFINITION B.7A (R) Fossil Record Biogeography Homology Anatomical Homologies Molecular Homologies Developmental Homologies Evolution Speciation Ancestry B.7B (SS) Fossil Record Stasis Punctuated Equilibrium Gradualism Evolution Vestigial Structure B.7C (SS) Evolution Natural Selection Fitness Population Charles Darwin Limiting Factor The total number of fossils, and their locations in rock formations and sedimentary layers which provides information about those organisms Study of past and present geographical distribution of species Two characteristics that are similar because they originated from a common ancestor Similar anatomical structures that exist between species and can be identified as a link to a common ancestor DNA and RNA similarities between organisms Embryonic similarities between organisms of different species A change in the gene pool of a population that results in a successive change over time An evolutionary event that results in the formation of a new species An organism’s lineage of descendants The total number of fossils, and their locations in rock formations and sedimentary layers which provides information about those organisms Describes a long period of time in which little or no change occurs within a species The theory that species evolve rapidly over short periods of time followed by long periods of stability where little genetic variation occurs The theory that species evolve slowly and gradually over extended periods of time Change over time The remnants of a structure that is no longer needed A change in the gene pool of a population that results in a successive change over time. A mechanism of evolution. The process that results in the survival or reproductive fitness of an individual or group that is best adapted to their environment (survival of the fittest). The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce All of the organisms of one species within a particular ecosystem Scientist who identified the process of natural selection; Darwin studied finches on the Galapagos Islands A biotic or abiotic environmental factor that restricts the growth of a population B.7D (SS) Mutation Genetic Variation Biological Fitness Reproductive Success Overpopulation Any change in the sequence of DNA; may result in the production of incorrect proteins and lead to malfunctions in the processes of the organism The variety of gene combinations that exist within a population An organism’s ability to survive and produce viable, fertile offspring An organism’s ability to pass on its genes More organisms in an area than an ecosystem can support Page 1 of 2 Evolution Vocabulary and Guiding Questions TERM Gene Pool Speciation B.7E (R) Adaptation Biodiversity Migration Subspecies Sympatric Speciation Allopatric Speciation Species DEFINITION The total number of alleles for each gene that is available within a population An evolutionary event that results in the formation of a new species An alteration in an organism’s characteristics that better enables it to survive in its environment The total variation of species within a given ecosystem A response to changes in an ecosystem that results in entire populations moving from one ecosystem to another A subdivision of the taxonomic group known as species; these organisms can interbreed Formation of a new species that inhabits the same region as the ancestral species Formation of a new species when two populations of the same species become geographically separated and can no longer interbreed The most specific level of organism classification that contains only one type of organism; the second part of the scientific name B.7F (SS) Genetic Drift Gene Pool Mutation Allele Genetic Variation Gene Flow Independent Assortment Crossing Over Recombination Random changes in the frequency of alleles within a gene pool; greater effect on small populations The total number of alleles for each gene that is available within a population Any change in the sequence of DNA; they can be beneficial, neutral, or dangerous All of the possible forms of a gene that can occur in an individual The variety of gene combinations that exist within a population The movement of genes into and out of a population due to interbreeding between different populations The random selection of chromosomes from homologous pairs during meiosis to form gametes; each selection is independent of the other chromosome pairs The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; contributes to genetic variation The process by which genetic material from different individuals becomes combined Guiding Questions: 1. What data provides evidence of evolution (homologies, fossil record, biogeography, and cladistics)? 2. What would the location of fossil within a stratum tell you about its relationship to other fossils within the strata? 3. What is the role of natural selection in evolution? 4. How do you explain the variations in beaks among the finches on different Galapagos Islands? 5. How do mutations in DNA affect traits in organisms and the diversity of a population? 6. What environmental factors can impact the reproductive success of a population? Page 2 of 2