Download NAME Chapter 11: The Civil War Focus Causes of the Civil War

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Chapter 11: The Civil War
Focus
Causes of the Civil War
 Sectional disagreements and debates over tariffs, extension of slavery in the territories, and the
nature of the Union (states’ rights)
 Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders of slavery
 United States Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case
 Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
 Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s
 A series of failed compromises over the expansion of slavery in the territories
 President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861
Major events
 Election of Lincoln (1860), followed by the secession of several Southern states who feared that
Lincoln would try to abolish slavery
 Fort Sumter: Opening confrontation of the Civil War
 Emancipation Proclamation issued after Battle of Antietam
 Gettysburg: Turning point of the Civil War
 Appomattox: Site of Lee’s surrender to Grant
Key leaders and their roles
 Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the
Union be held together, by force if necessary
 Jefferson Davis: U.S. Senator who became president of the Confederate States of America
 Ulysses S. Grant: Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several
other Union commanders had failed
 Robert E. Lee: Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia (Lee opposed secession,
but did not believe the Union should be held together by force), who urged Southerners to accept
defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after
Appomattox
 Frederick Douglass: Former enslaved African American who became a prominent abolitionist
and who urged Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans to fight in the Union army
Emancipation Proclamation
 Freed those slaves located in the “rebelling” states (Southern states that had seceded)
 Made the abolition of slavery a Northern war aim
 Discouraged any interference of foreign governments
 Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army
Gettysburg Address
 Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the
proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people,
by the people, and for the people.”
 Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Southerners
believed that states had freely joined the union and could freely leave.
Questions
1. Use p. 372 to complete the chart below.
THE CIVIL WAR
Long –Term Causes
Immediate Causes
Immediate Effects
Long-Term Effects
2. What were the major military and political events of the Civil War?
3. Who were the key leaders of the Civil War?
4. Why did Southern states secede?
5. Did any state have a right to leave the Union?
6. Was Lincoln right to use military force to keep the Union intact?
7. How did the ideas expressed in the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address
support the North’s war aims?
8. What was Lincoln’s vision of the American nation as professed in the Gettysburg Address?
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some
letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.
A. Ulysses S. Grant
B. William Tecumseh Sherman
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Robert E. Lee
E. Stonewall Jackson
F. George McClellan
G. David G. Farragut
H. Jefferson Davis
I. Clara Barton
J. John Wilkes Booth
____ 1. Republican who won the presidency in 1860
____ 2. Southern sympathizer and actor who assassinated President Lincoln
____ 3. hero at Vicksburg who became commander of all Union armies in 1864
____ 4. Union commander who burned a path of destruction through Georgia
____ 5. president of the Confederacy
____ 6. general responsible for the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run
____ 7. Union general who was eventually fired by Lincoln for having the "slows"
____ 8. Union commander who seized New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Natchez
____ 9. Confederate commander who opposed secession but sided with his beloved state of Virginia
____ 10. Union nurse who cared for the sick and wounded on the front lines
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 11. In which state did most of the fighting shown on this map take place?
A. Alabama
B. Mississippi
C. Louisiana
D. Missouri
____ 12. How were Jackson and Vicksburg connected?
A. by a railroad
B. by the Mississippi River
C. by telegraph lines
D. by a major road
____ 13. Next to which physical feature is Vicksburg located?
A. Champion's Hill
B. Big Black River
C. the Mississippi River
D. the Gulf of the Mississippi
____ 14. From which direction did Union forces approach Vicksburg?
A. from the north
B. from the south
C. from the east
D. from the west
____ 15. What happened at Vicksburg?
A. The city surrendered after a long siege by Union forces.
B. The city surrendered immediately to Union forces.
C. Confederate troops won a victory after a long fight.
D. Troops led by Sherman and Johnston fought to a standstill.
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some
letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.
A. Shiloh
B. Bull Run
C. Antietam
D. Fort Sumter
E. Robert E. Lee
F. Anaconda plan
G. Ulysses S. Grant
H. David G. Farragut
I. George McClellan
J. Stonewall Jackson
____ 1. This called for a three-part assault on the Confederacy.
____ 2. This battle was the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. history.
____ 3. This Union general earned his nickname by being a stubborn negotiator.
____ 4. This Confederate general earned his nickname by holding up well under stressful battle
conditions.
____ 5. This battle, the first battle of the war, took place between inexperienced troops and resulted in a
Confederate victory.
____ 6. Although President Lincoln decided merely to send in "food for hungry men," President Davis
decided that the war should begin here.
____ 7. After seizing New Orleans, this Union admiral took control of much of the lower Mississippi,
helping the Union to achieve its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two.
____ 8. This Union general spent more time preparing the Army of the Potomac for battle and less time
actually leading the army into battle than President Lincoln would have liked.
____ 9. This Confederate general, who was known for his determination and unusual tactics, led a
successful defense of Richmond but suffered high casualties at Antietam.
____ 10. This bloody battle, in which Confederate forces took Union forces by surprise, taught both sides
about the necessity of sending out scouts, digging trenches, and building fortifications.
If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words
to make it true.
__________ 11. A writ of habeas corpus is a court order that requires authorities to appear before a
judge and show cause for jailing a prisoner.
__________ 12. During the war, the executive powers of the federal government were expanded.
__________ 13. In 1863, the Confederacy instituted the first income tax, taking a specified percentage of
an individual's income.
__________ 14. At Fort Pillow, the worst Confederate prison camp, where men were jammed together
without shelter and drank from the same stream that served as their sewer, nearly a third
of the prisoners died.
__________ 15. Clara Barton, a Union nurse, was known as the "angel of the battlefield."
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some
letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.
A. Vicksburg
B. Gettysburg
C. Appomattox Court House
D. Robert E. Lee
E. Jefferson Davis
F. Chancellorsville
G. Ulysses S. Grant
H. Abraham Lincoln
I. Gettysburg Address
J. William Tecumseh Sherman
____ 16. The final surrender of the Confederate Army took place here.
____ 17. With the fall of Port Hudson and this city, the Union finally achieved its goal of cutting the
Confederacy in two.
____ 18. His march across Georgia created a wide path of destruction, terrorized civilians, attracted
thousands of formerly enslaved persons, and destroyed the morale of white Southerners.
____ 19. This three-day battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War because it crippled the
Confederacy so badly that Confederate troops would never again be able to invade a Northern
state.
____ 20. As commander of all Union armies, he attacked Confederate troops over and over again, losing
nearly 60,000 men in just one six-week period. He kept going because he had promised Lincoln,
"Whatever happens, there will be no turning back."
If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words
to make it true.
__________ 21. After the war, William Tecumseh Sherman remained in the army and spent most of his
time fighting Native Americans in the West.
__________ 22. The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves only in the border states.
__________ 23. The income tax law of 1863 helped businesses and made banking safer for investors.
__________ 24. In 1881, Clara Barton helped found the American branch of the United Way, an agency
whose aim is to relieve human suffering.
__________ 25. Garland White shot President Lincoln just five days after Lee surrendered to Grant at
Appomattox Court House.