Download 1 - Boise High School

1. absolutism
A political theory that states all power should be held by one ruler
2. revolution
The overthrowing of a government and the replacement of it, by
another
3. democracy
Government by people, represented by them or by elected
representatives
4. aristocracy
The upper, noble and rich class
5. middle class
Between the upper and lower, they often face a stagnant economy,
some education
6. secular
Not bound by any religious faction
7. conservative backlash
A retaliation from often strict religious groups
9. liberalizing elements
Elements needed to free a nation, people
10. democratizing
elements
11. colonization
Elements needed for political freedom
The act of acquiring nations for the benefit of the mother nation’s
economy
12. imperialism
A policy of extending a nation’s powers through diplomacy or
military practice
13. Enlightenment
The use of reason to scrutinize humanitarian reforms
14. unification
The joining of two or more groups
15. industrialization
The growing or birth of production
16. imperialism
A policy of extending a nation’s powers through diplomacy or
military practice
17. Western hemisphere
Often known as Western Europe or USA
18. nationalism
Devotion to the culture of a nation
19. eugenics
The study of heredity improvement of the human race controlled
by selective breeding
20. ethnocentrism
Belief in one’s ethnic superiority
21. Social Darwinism
The belief that one achieves more than others by genetic or
biological superiority
22. White Man’s Burden
The belief that god asked Caucasians to enslave or take
responsibility of the colored
23. urbanization
The change from rural to urban lifestyle
24. technology
Application of science, for commercial or industrial objectives
25. manufactured/finished
goods
26. raw materials
The completion of raw material
27. Atlantic World
The water ways, between continents
28. plantation system
The use of cotton gins and slaves for production
29. Monroe Doctrine
The proclamation that prevented European nations from colonizing
in the Americas
Unfinished products, at its first stage
30. foreign investment
Investing in other countries’ economies
31. capital
The initial amount of money to start a business
32. Ottoman Empire
Modern Day Turkey
33. domestic/putting out
system
Working on pieces of a product at home and the finalizing and
selling them in the marketplace
34. Tanzimat Reforms
Reorganization in the Ottoman Empire
35. extraterritoriality
Diplomatic jurisdiction, exempted from local jurisdiction
36. Suez Canal
Canal invested in by the US, located in Panama
37. Qing China
The last Chinese dynasty
38. Opium War
The war that led Western imperialism in China
39. Opium Trade
The trade of illegal narcotics in China
40. serfdom
A person in bondage or servitude
41. Commodore Perry
US Commodore who defeated British on Lake Erie
42. Trans-Atlantic Slave
Trade
The triangular slave trade- from Africa to Caribbean and then the
Americas
43. mass production
The generating of produce in vast quantities
44. Capitalism:
Capitalism is an evolving concept, which is derived from earlier
European economic practices (Feudalism, Imperialism,
Mercantilism). Capitalism is widely considered to be the dominant
economic system in the world. There is continuing debate over the
definition, nature, and scope of this system.
45. Enclosure movement:
During the Industrial Revolution, it was the consolidation of many
small farms into one large farm, which created a labor force as
many people lost their homes
46. Second Agricultural
Revolution:
A period of technological change from the 1600s to mid-1900s
beginning in Western Europe, beginning with preindustrial
improvements like crop rotation and better horse collars, and
concluding with industrial innovations to replace human labor
with machines and to supplement natural fertilizers and pesticides
with chemical ones.
47. Steam power:
steam engine is a heat engine that makes use of the thermal energy
that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work. Steam
engines were used in pumps, locomotive trains and steam ships,
and was essential to the Industrial Revolution. They are still used
for electrical power generation using a steam turbine
48. Spinning Jenny:
The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning wheel. It was invented
circa 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, near Blackburn, in
Lancashire in the north west of England. The device dramatically
reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a single
worker able to work eight or more spools at once.
49. Protestant work ethic:
a value system that stresses the moral value of work, self-discipline,
and individual responsibility as the means to improving one's
economic well being; important in the industrial revolution because
of its stress in hard work, etc.
50. Wealth of
Nations/Adam Smith:
Considered the founding father of economics, Adam Smith wrote
The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. His most famous concept
was that markets guide economic activity and act like an "invisible
hand" - allocating resources through prices, which rise when there
is a shortage of a commodity and fall when it is plentiful.
51. Laissez faire
capitalism:
Laissez-faire is short for "laissez-faire, laissez-passer," a French
phrase meaning idiomatically "leave to do, leave to pass" or more
accurately "let things alone, let them pass". First used by the
eighteenth century Physiocrats as an injunction against government
interference with trade, it is now used as a synonym for strict free
market economics. Laissez-faire economic policy is in direct
contrast to statistic economic policy.
52. Factory system:
The factory system was a method of manufacturing adopted in
England during the Industrial Revolution. Workers would come to
work in a city factory, often making low-quality goods in mass
amounts. The method prior to the introduction of factories was the
domestic system. The result of the factory system was that the
quality of goods declined. Since factories were based in large cities,
people from rural areas moved into the city to get work.
53. Interchangeable
parts:
important for the industrial revolution because it signified the
ability to change parts of products comparatively easier than before
54. Assembly Line
An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which
interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential
manner to create an end product.
55. Transportation
revolution:
a term often used by historians to describe the dramatic
improvement in transportation in the West that took place in the
early 1800s. The Transportation Revolution included greatly
improved roads, the development of canals, and the invention of
the steamboat and railroad. Shipping costs were lowered as much
as 90 percent in this era, which gave a big boost to trade and the
settlement of new areas of land.
56. Proletariat:
new class of factory workers that emerged as a result of the
industrial revolution
57. Labor unions:
A union is a group of workers who act collectively to address
common issues; emerged at the end of the IR
58. Communist
Manifesto/Karl Marx:
document relating proletariat with the IR, proletariat should
overthrow bourgeoisie - roots of communism
59. Ladies:
Workers in Britain (1810–1820) who responded to replacement of
human labor by machines during the Industrial Revolution by
attempting to destroy the machines; named after a mythical leader,
Ned Ludd.
60. United States Civil
War:
1861-1865 - First modern war using industrial revolution, ironclad
ships, new technology, massive deaths
61. monoculture:
agriculture based on only one crop; resulted in many European
colonies in the 1800-1900 because of mercantilism
62. “Banana Republic”:
a small country (especially in Central America) that is politically
unstable and whose economy is dominated monoculture because of
European mercantilism
63. popular consumption:
goods that are consumed by a large percentage of the population
around the IR, such as textiles
64. entrepreneurship:
significant to the IR because entrepreneurs are who help begin the
IR
65. partial modernization:
industrialization but only to a certain extent; see Samuel
Hungtinton’s Clash of Civilizations (good book…)
66. Meiji Restoration:
The Meiji Restoration also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution or
Renewal, was a chain of events that led to a change in Japan's
political and social structure. It occurred from 1866 to 1869, a period
of 4 years that transverses both the late Edo (often called Late
Tokugawa shogunate) and beginning of the Meiji Era. Probably the
most important foreign account of the events of 1862-69 is
contained in A Diplomat in Japan by Sir Ernest Satow.
67. zaibatsu:
Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as part of
the process of industrialization
68. textile mills:
a factory for making textiles, one of the 1st major industries during
the IR
69. class tension:
tension between classes during the IR due to income gap, social
treatment, etc.
70. suffrage:
voting rights; suffrage movement; universal suffrage
71. traditional family life:
involved a larger family with many children for agricultural work,
etc.
72. cotton gin/Eli Whitney:
The cotton gin is a machine invented in 1793 invented by American
Eli Whitney (granted a patent on March 14, 1794) to mechanize the
production of cotton fiber. Led to increase of Atlantic Slave Trade
73. Muckrakers:
A muckraker is a journalist, author or filmmaker who investigates
and exposes societal issues such as political corruption, corporate
crime, child labor, conditions in slums and prisons, unsanitary
conditions in food processing plants, fraudulent claims by
manufacturers of patent medicines and similar topics.
74. Settlement Houses
neighborhood centers in urban areas that provided literacy, classes,
daycare, entertainment - like a YMCA
75. Women’s
Emancipation
movements:
76. push factors:
movements for greater female rights; referred to as feminist
movement
77. pull factors:
attract or pull an organization towards a new location, eg the
availability of cheap skilled labor.
78. settler colonies:
colonies with, you guessed it, settlers
79. pogroms:
A pogrom (from Russian: "погром" (meaning "wreaking of havoc")
is a massive violent attack on a particular ethnic or religious group
with simultaneous destruction of their environment (homes,
businesses, religious centers). The term has historically been used to
denote massive acts of violence, either spontaneous or
premeditated, against Jews, but has been applied to similar
incidents against other minority groups.
80. Islamic slave trade:
continued slave trade on the west coast of Africa
81. Liberia:
country founded by freed American slaves
82. life expectancy rates:
expected age until death - improved due to improved health care,
brief drop at beginning of Industrial Revolution due to living
conditions,
83. infant mortality rates:
number of babies per 1000 who die at birth
84. birth rates:
number of births eventually drops again as middle class has less
need for many kids
85. Louis Pasteur:
creator of germ theory and pasteurization - led to improved health
86. sweet potato:
important NA starch in China
87. cholera/tuberculosis:
various diseases that spread through urban eras during the IR
88. upper class women:
affluent women with absolutely no lives; led the women’s rights
movements at the end of the IR
89. Victorian Age:
the era of Britain’s industrial revolution and Queen Victoria’s reign
from 1837 to 1901
90. social mobility:
the ability of an individual to change his/her social status
91. abolitionists:
supporters of ending slavery
conditions in a location or region that encourage people to migrate
from it
92. emancipation of
Russian serf:
93. cult of domesticity:
edict issued in 1861 by Alexander II
94. temperance:
a movement to moderate and lessen alcohol consumption
95. constitutional
monarchy:
a monarchy whose power is defined and limited by a constitution
(defines monarch as head of state)
96. John Locke:
English philosopher who argued that the government’s power
came from the people and that revolution against tyrants was
acceptable
97. social contract:
an agreement between a state and its citizens to define the state’s
powers and the citizen’s rights
98. Seven Years War:
global war between France and Britain from 1756 to 1763
99. “taxation without
representation”:
Taxes were levied on American colonies, but they were not
represented in Britain’s parliament
100. Common
Sense/Thomas Paine:
writing by American revolutionary that advocated separation
from Britain and republican government
101. Declaration of
Independence/Thomas
Jefferson:
document outlying America’s separation from Britain and the
reasons why, written by American political and revolutionary
leader
102. causes of French
Revolution:
absolute monarchy abuses power, policies of Louis XVI, economic
troubles, war debts, and droughts
103. First/Second/Third
Estate:
104. National Assembly:
nobility, clergy, everybody else
France’s representative body
105. Declaration of the
Rights of Man:
French revolutionary document that outlined the rights of the
people
106. Reign of Terror:
the period where the monarchy and aristocracy were targeted
along with opponents of the French Revolution
107. Directory:
the government of revolutionary France from 1795 to 1799
108. Cycle of Revolution:
calls for change from monarchy followed by moderate government
followed by radical government followed by moderate government
followed by monarchy
109. universal manhood
suffrage:
110. nationalistic
uprisings:
voting rights extended without discrimination
American view that preached women’s role was in the house
taking care of the children
independence movements based on loyalty to free states
111. Napoleon:
– absolute leader of France who conquered most of Europe and was
defeated in 1815
112. Congress of Vienna:
European meeting after Napoleon’s defeat to try and restore
political stability and settle diplomatic disputes
113. Congress
System/Metternich:
Austrian diplomat at the Congress of Vienna - system of Europe
working together
114. spirit of
conservatism:
after era of revolution attempt by European diplomats to return
order to the good ol' days when autocracy ruled and people
stopped rebelling
115. radicalism:
democratic movement that called for liberalism and extended rights
116. parliamentary
system:
117. militaristic:
representative government led by a prime minister
118. Toussaint
L’Ouverture:
119. Louisiana Territory:
– a leader of the Haitian revolt against France
120. Latin America Wars
of Independence:
Causes - growing sense of nationalism, colonial economic policies,
social class system, Napoleon
121. caudillos:
military juntas or governments - military men that take over power
- sets precedent
122. economic
backwardness:
Latin America – caused by mercantilism and monoculture system
123. Miguel Hidalgo:
Creole priest in Mexico who led rebellion against Spain
124. Pancho Villa:
Mexican revolutionary who fought in the revolution from 1910 to
1917
125. Sino-Japanese War:
war fought between China and Japan over Korea from 1894 to
1895
126. Empress Cixi:
disastrous Chinese monarch whose policies led to economic
stagnation and China’s decline
127. “Hundred Days
Reform”:
103 days of social and institutional reform in 1898 launched by the
Qing emperor of China, Guangxu
128. Abdication of
Manchu Emperor:
emperor abdicates in 1912 - ends foreign rule - Mandate of Heaven
dynasties
129. Sun Yat-sen:
father of modern china and institutes constitutional democracy
130. People’s Principles:
nationalism, democracy, people’s livelihood
131. Nationalist Party:
Kuomintang – Chinese political party that favored republican
government
aggressive war based ideology
French territory in the United States
132. Chiang Kai-shek:
leader of the Kuomintang and founder of the Republic of China
133. Simon Bolivar:
Creole military leader who fought for Colombian independence
between 1817 and 1822
134. Jose de San Martin:
leader of independence movement in Rio de la Plata; successful in
1816
135. King John VI:
Portuguese King who ruled in Brazil from 1808 to 1820 because of
Napoleon’s invasion
Portuguese king John VI flees to Brazil, Portuguese government
from Brazil. John leaves and leaves his son, Pedro, Pedro lives
entire life in Brazil and declares independence for brazil and
becomes emperor. Pedro gives power to Pedro II rules for most of
19th century. Stable monarchy
136. King Pedro/Pedro II-
137. Catholic Church in
Latin America
very powerful in Latin America. One of the largest land owners in
Latin America - lobbies to keep conservative rule,
economic/social/political interest
All Russians had to learn Russian language and convert to
orthodoxy, anyone who didn’t’ was persecuted, Jews.
138. Russificationdoesn’t reacto to revolution, socialists organize, tried to rally
Russians around the falg but lost against Japanese
139. Czar Nicholas IIsomething like parliament but has no real power, every time they
tried to make change, czar disbands them.
140. Duma 141. Indian National
Congress-
English speaking, educated upper class, most influential is
Mohandas K. Gandhi-1869
Lived in S. Africa from 1893-1915, defended rights of Indian living
under apartheid(areas that has racism), and returned to India as a
central figure in freedom movement, nonviolent resistance.
142. Mohandas Gandhi143. Creoles-
European born Foreign
144. Mestizos-
Indigenous and European mixed
145. Mulattoes-
Mixed European and black
146. Marxism147. Liberalism-
More radical socialism (economic competition is inherently unfair
and leads to injustice/ inequality)
willing to respect or accept behavior or opinions different from
one’s own. Open to new ideas.
not changing or innovating, holding on to traditional values.
148. Conservatism-
149. Anarchism150. Victor Emmanuel II151. Giuseppi Garibaldi152. Otto von Bismarck153. King William II-
abolition of all government the organization of society on a
voluntary, cooperative basis without recourse to force or
compulsion.
King of Sardinia + Count Camillo Cavour, push nationalism,
towards the unification of Italy.
Italian nationalist kicks out Spain.
Prime minister of Germany, build the military. Consolidating the
region under Prussia’s authority.
Emperor of the German Empire
First Reich “Holy Roman Empire”, second Reich “second empire”
154. First/Second Reich155. Irish home rule156. Second and Third
Reform Acts
Should North, Split Catholic/ Protestant remain British or Irish,
Should Ireland be set free.
1867/1885 – universal suffrage
France becomes democratic republic- universal suffrage.
157. Fourth Republic158. Dreyfus Affair-
Jewish officer accused of selling secrets to Germans
159. Crimean War-
1853-1856, Tsar Alexandar II forced to implement liberal reforms,
Modernize Russia, Emancipation of serfs in 1861, lightened
censorship, widened powers of local govt, 1881, Alexander II
assassinated
seized control in 1600s, authority with emperoer, reality with
shogunate, Samurai top, centralized Japan. Warring states to
peaceful country.
160. Tokugawa
Shogunate161. samurai-
Warrior class, top during Shogunate
162. stratified society-
No chance for social mobility.
Japan’s Modern age, Embrace West to survive/ compete.
163. Meiji Restoration164. hereditary privileges-
No more, abolishes feudalism. Meritocracy.
165. Constitution of 1890-
elected parliament, Diet - Japan
Had no real power, hardly representative, Emperor still had power.
166. Diet167. social hierarchy168. Mary Wolstonecraft
169. “cult of true
womanhood”170. Essay on
Population/Thomas
Malthus-
During Tokugawa social hierarchy ended, based on merit, civil
service exam.
English writer, vindication of rights of women- 1792 (Equal rights,
education, political, economic pursuits)
Virutes of submissiveness, piety, domesticity, modesty, feminity.
population growth led to poverty, war diseases, starvation needed
to control population.
Employer will pay lowest possible wage to make money. Supply of
labor goes up then salaries will drop.
171. Iron Law of
Wages/David Ricardo172. Socialism173. Communism174. Eastern Question175. “sick man of
Europe”176. literacy rates177. Fridrich Nietzche-
economic competition is inherently unfair and leads to
injustice/inequality
Ideally – perfect justice, social equality and plenty
gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire presented Europe with
choices
Ottoman Empire - falling apart, but better than chaos
greater access to public education increased through 1800s, Literacy
rates rose.
“God is Dead”, All systems of morality valueless in the materialistic
modern age.
Most important – emotion/passion, more self expression, Selfrealization of the individual, heroism, love of the natural world
178. RomanticismRejected Romanticism’s idealized dramatic outlook, critical view of
life. Details of everyday existence, poverty, social hypocrisy, class
injustice.
179. Realism180. Cecil RhodesBritain/Africa –
“I contend that we are the finest race in the world, and the more of
it we inhabit, the better it is.”
181. economic
imperialism –
practice of promoting the economy of one nation in another. It is
usually the case that the former is a large economically or militarily
powerful nation and the latter is a smaller and less developed.
182. la mission
civilisatrice –
French idea of spreading their advanced civilization to others
through colonization. Also referred to as “mission civilisatrice.”
183. British East India
Company –
A joint-stock company of investors with the intent to favor trade
privileges in India. Eventually transformed from a commercial
trading venture to one which virtually ruled India.
184. “sun never sets on
the British empire” –
a phrase that emerged in response to the British dominance during
the Modern Era. Britain was the first nation to industrialize and
thus, was able to gain an advantage over all other competing
nations.
185. Sepoy Mutiny –
May 10th 1857. Sepoys, trained Indians as British soldiers were
angered by the rumors that their rifle ammos were greased with
lard and beef fat. Thus, they mutinied. The mutiny was harshly
crushed by the British.
186. infrastructure -
The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the
functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and
communications systems, water and power lines, and public
institutions including schools, post offices, and prisons.
187. civil service exam –
Exam all Chinese government official-to-be’s had to go through in
order to prove themselves. Very rigorous, although once you
passed, instant success was guaranteed.
188. sati -
funeral custom in which the widow immolated herself on her
husband’s funeral pyre.
189. sectarian strife –
violent conflict between Muslims and Coptic Christians in Egypt.
190. Dutch East India
Company -
was established on March 20, 1602, when the Estates-General of the
Netherlands granted it a monopoly to carry out colonial activities in
Asia. It was the first multinational corporation in the world and it
was the first company to issue stocks.
191. Singapore -
The island of Singapore was ceded to the British East India
Company in 1819, and the city was founded the same year by Sir
Thomas Raffles. The British took complete control in 1824 and
added Singapore to the newly formed Straits Settlements in 1826.
Otherwise known as the place we currently live in.
192. Spanish American
War -
took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America
gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean
and Pacific. Cuba would be declared Independent in 1902.
193. “sleeping dragon” –
term given to China by Napoleon, regarding their untapped
population, size and resources.
194. “unequal treaties” -
a series of treaties signed by several Asian states, including the
Qing Empire in China, late Tokugawa Japan, and late Chosun
Korea, and foreign powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
This was a period during which these states were largely unable to
resist the military and economic pressures of the primary Western
powers. China forced to open up all its ports to Britain.
195. Christian
missionaries –
Christians who traveled into other countries and attempted to
spread the Christian faith. Enthusiastically persecuted in Japan by
Tokugawa…
196. White Lotus
Rebellion -
It apparently began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society,
a secret religious society that forecast the advent of the Buddha,
advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming dynasty, and
promised personal salvation to its followers.
197. Taping Rebellion –
Rebellion initiated by Hong Xiuquan to overthrow the
Manchurians and establish the kingdom of Heaven in China. Got
off to an impressive start militarily but only because Hong avoided
attacking large urban centers.
198. Hong Xiuquan - ),
leader of the Taiping Rebellion. Believed he was the son of Jesus
Christ. Failed the civil service examination many times.
199. Open Door Policy -
The Open Door Policy is the maintenance in a certain territory of
equal commercial and industrial rights for the nationals of all
countries.
200. Boxer Rebellion -
was a violent movement against non-Chinese commercial, political,
religious and technological influence in China during the final
years of the 19th century.
201. Henry Puyi –
Last emperor of the Qing Dynasty to rule over China. No more
emperors after him.
202. “Dark Continent” -
A former name for Africa, so used because its hinterland was
largely unknown and therefore mysterious to Europeans until the
19th century
203. “Scramble for Africa”
The Scramble for Africa began in 1881, when France moved into
Tunis with Bismarck's encouragement. After centuries of neglect,
Europeans began to expand their influence into Africa. Soon, it took
on a full-fledged land grab in Africa by European Powers.
204. Berlin Conference -
The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 regulated European colonization
and trade in Africa
205. Liberia/Ethiopia -
Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea
206. Coptic Christian
Kingdom
One of the few regions in Africa unoccupied by the Europeans.
207. Ashanti Kingdom -
was a powerful state in West Africa in the years prior to European
colonization. It was located in what is today southern and central
Ghana.
208. Boers/Afrikaners –
Indians trained to be British soldiers.
209. Boer War -
The Boer Wars was the name given to the South African Wars of
1880-1 and 1899-1902, that were fought between the British and the
descendants of the Dutch settlers (Boers) in Africa.
210. Shaka Zulu
211. African National
Congress -
widely credited with transforming the Zulu tribe, from a small clan,
into the beginnings of a nation that held sway over that portion of
Southern Africa between the Phongolo and Mzimkhulu rivers.
founded to defend the rights of the black majority
212. Muhammad Ali –
Egyptian ruler who caused Egypt to industrialize.
213. Suez Canal -
a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the
Mediterranean Sea
214. quinine/malaria -
An infectious disease characterized by cycles of chills, fever, and
sweating = when cure was found, Europe could go internal Africa
215. Belgium – Congo -
the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC) between King Léopold II's formal relinquishment of
personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November, 1908, to
the dawn of Congolese independence on 30 June, 1960.
216. “Great Game” -
used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the
British Empire and the Tsarist Russian Empire for supremacy in
Central Asia.
217. Balkans -
A major mountain range of southeast Europe extending about 563
km (350 mi) from eastern Yugoslavia through central Bulgaria to
the Black Sea. Known as the most dangerous place on Earth, due to
the presence of many different racial groups in the region. WWI
starts here.
218. Young Turks -
A member of a Turkish reformist and nationalist political party
active in the early 20th century.
219. Anglo-Egyptian
Administration -
an Anglo-Egyptian agreement restored Egyptian rule in Sudan but
as part of a condominium, or joint authority, exercised by Britain
and Egypt. The agreement designated territory south of the twentysecond parallel as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
220. Mahdi -
A leader who assumes the role of a messiah.
221. “Long Peace” –
Peace between 1871 and 1914 between European nations. Tensions
are rising.
222. Alliance System -
After the Franco-Prussian War, Bismarck held that Germany was a
"satiated state" which should give up ideas of further conquest.
Thus Bismarck organized a system of alliances designed to
maintain Germany's hegemony on the European continent
223. Roosevelt Corollary
to the Monroe Doctrine -
The Monroe Doctrine had originally been intended to keep
European nations out of Latin America, but the Roosevelt corollary
was used as a justification for U.S. intervention in Latin America.
224. Panama Canal -
major shipping canal which cuts through the isthmus of Panama in
Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans - US
encouraged Panama to rebel to get favorable deal for land
225. Spanish-American
War –
took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America
gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean
and Pacific. Cuba would be declared Independent in 1902.
226. Modernization
Theory –
developed countries emphasize individuality and capitalism.
Economic prosperity due to industrialization is the key to a nation’s
advancement. All countries will naturally modernize.
227. Dependency Theory
less developed nations either intentionally or unintentionally
depend on the developed nations for economic support. Some
countries will never be able to break out of dependent
cycle...modernization theory doesn't apply. Ex. Latin American
nations depend on Europe during colonization. Later result in
monoculture.