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Era V Exam
1.
The European colonial empires of the nineteenth century were distinctive from earlier colonial
empires in the degree to which the later empires
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
2.
Which of the following revolutions occurred before 1750 during the early modern era, but had a
profound impact on later revolutions that created modern human societies?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
3.
Women’s suffrage
The Industrial Revolution
The American Revolution
Imperialism
The abolition of slavery
The chief beneficiaries of all but one of the Atlantic revolutions were
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
6.
grew in international prominence and power.
declined in international prominence and power.
became a leading industrial power.
became a colonial power that rivaled European powers in the Indian Ocean.
lost its international influence, but was able to keep European powers out of its internal
Rivaled only by the Agricultural Revolution of the Neolithic period, which of the following
developments during the period between 1750 and 1914 utterly transformed almost every aspect
of human life and gave rise to new kinds of societies that we call modern?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5.
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The American Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
In contrast to the early modern era, China during the period between 1750 and 1914
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
affairs.
4.
enlisted the cooperation of subject peoples.
faced resistance from subject peoples.
sought to count and classify their subjects.
eschewed race in their efforts to distinguish the rulers from the ruled.
rejected the idea that colonists could be converted to Christianity.
propertied white men of the “middling classes.”
women.
white men without property.
slaves.
Native Americans.
The Atlantic revolutions
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
shared the same outcomes.
were triggered by the same circumstances.
expressed the same social and political tensions.
shared a common political vocabulary and a broadly democratic character.
were led primarily by women.
Era V Exam
7.
A distinguishing characteristic of the French Revolution when compared to the American
Revolution was that the French Revolution
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8.
drew on Enlightenment ideas about liberty.
sought to recreate society from scratch.
sought to preserve existing liberties rather than to establish new ones.
maintained the monarchy, whereas the Americans broke with this form of government.
experienced no participation by women.
This eighteenth-century French satirical image illustrates which of the following?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
That the elite in French society supported the lower classes through charity.
That it was a common practice in France for elite women to be carried around on the
shoulders of commoners.
That the primary fault line in French society was between the Church (as represented by
the nun in this picture) and everyone else.
That commoners were proud of the service that they rendered to members of the church
and nobility.
That French society was traditionally thought to be made up of Three Estates: two
privileged (the church and nobility) and one unprivileged (the commoners).
Era V Exam
9.
Which of the following was an outcome of the American Revolution?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
10.
Political authority no longer resided in the hands of pre-Revolutionary colonial elites.
Enlightenment ideals were increasingly rejected as part of a quest for stability.
It established nearly universal voting rights in the former colonies.
It accelerated the established democratic tendencies of the colonial societies.
Slaves gained their freedom.
The most distinctive feature of the Haitian Revolution was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
its status as the only completely successful slave revolt in world history.
the success of different races at putting aside differences in the name of the revolution.
its failure to influence the populations of other Caribbean islands.
its relative lack of violence.
its rejection from the start of Enlightenment ideals.
Use this map to answer question 11
Era V Exam
11.
This map depicting Europe circa 1880 supports which of the following assertions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
12.
What best describes the result of Napoleon’s conquest and reform of European lands outside
France?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
13.
(E)
Latin America
West Africa
Haiti
The British sugar colonies in the Caribbean
The United States of America
Which of the following is one reason why the Spanish American revolutions took longer and were
more difficult than the (North) American Revolution?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
16.
Napoleon bought the Louisiana territory from the United States.
The movement to abolish slavery collapsed as fear of free slaves grew.
Slave owners and whites were filled with fear and trepidation.
Similar slave insurrections spread throughout the Atlantic world, including Brazil,
Jamaica, and Louisiana.
The French Revolution’s principles were discredited.
In which of the following regions did the use of slaves increase over the second half of the
nineteenth century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
15.
The conquered were grateful to Napoleon.
The conquered accepted many of the reforms, but revolted against French control.
The conquered refused to accept the reforms and fought bitterly against French control.
The conquered refused to accept the reforms, but passively accepted French control.
The conquered overthrew the regimes that Napoleon imposed before reforms could be
implemented.
Which of the following was an impact of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
14.
By 1880, nation states had replaced empires in Europe.
By 1880, empires had replaced nation states in Europe.
In 1880, the most powerful nation state was Germany.
While nation states had taken root, the most powerful states in Europe remained empires.
By 1880, Italy had unified.
Language barriers
Greater wealth in Spain than in Britain
Divisions of class, race, and region within Spanish America
Stability of the royal government in Spain
The collapse of British royal government in the 1770s had no parallel in the Spanish
American revolutions.
What great fear drove the Latin American creole elites to pursue independence and political
change?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
They feared falling behind the United States economically and politically.
They feared that the Church was gaining too much power over them.
They feared that unrest from the lower classes and nonwhites would get out of control.
They feared the Spanish and Portuguese monarchies were going to replace them with
new elites drawn from the lower classes.
They feared that new colonists from Spain and Portugal were going to displace them by
seizing their land.
Era V Exam
17.
Which of the following arguments made the cause of abolition widely acceptable in the nineteenth
century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
18.
Which of the following is true of the women’s movement by the early 1900s?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
19.
United States
Britain
Japan
Latin America
France
Among the reasons that Europe industrialized first was that
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
22.
Marxist notions of class solidarity.
the modern idea of human equality.
women’s early successes in winning the right to vote.
the distinctive role of women as mothers.
the growing importance of female soldiers in modern nation states.
Which of the following had not undergone its own wide-scale Industrial Revolution by 1900?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
21.
It had secured widespread voting rights for women across Europe.
In the most industrialized countries of the West, it had become a mass movement.
Large numbers of working-class women had gained entrance to universities.
While a number of nations had strong feminist movements, there was little or no contact
between them.
While Europe experienced a feminist movement, North America experienced no such
movement.
Advocates of maternal feminism based their claims for equal rights for women on
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
20.
Slavery was immoral.
Slavery was not condoned in the Bible.
Slavery benefited Portuguese slave traders too much.
Slavery was no longer necessary for economic progress.
Slavery made West Africans wealthy at the expense of Europeans.
it enjoyed an obvious economic advantage over all other regions by 1750.
it possessed a unique capacity for technological innovation.
European rulers fostered unusually close alliances with their merchant classes.
Europe’s societies had, unlike China, Japan, and other Asian societies, developed highly
commercialized, market-based economies.
European rulers had attempted to suppress merchants in their states but failed.
Which of the following best characterizes past explanations for Europe’s Industrial Revolution?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Europeans were just lucky to industrialize first.
Europeans stole innovations from other societies.
Unique features of European society, economy, or history gave it a long-term advantage
and head-start in industrializing.
More adequate rainfall encouraged economic and industrial development.
Only Europe possessed large deposits of coal.
Era V Exam
23.
Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently
more suited to industry and technology?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
24.
Until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels of
economic development.
Europeans make up only a small percentage of the world’s population.
Non-European civilizations have been able to provide other valuable contributions to
World History, for example, in terms of music or cuisine.
Europeans today lag far behind the United States in terms of industry and technology.
Europe’s early industrialization relied almost exclusively on slave labor from Africa.
Which of the following explanations for why Britain was the first European country to
industrialize is true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The Scientific Revolution took a distinctive form in Great Britain in ways that fostered
technological innovation.
British monarchs had absolute power and thus were able to freely promote
industrialization.
A scarcity of workers in Britain led to technological innovations that increased
efficiency.
Lack of coal deposits forced British industrialists to develop wind-based energy sources.
Britain was the least commercialized of all the European countries.
Use this map to answer question 25
Era V Exam
25.
This map of the Industrial United States in 1900 supports which of the following assertions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
26.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the experience of women in nineteenthcentury Britain?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
27.
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
British monarchs had absolute power and thus were better able to control the laboring
classes than were the less powerful Russian tsars.
The wages and living standards of working-class families in Britain rose without
revolution.
The relatively small middle class in Britain as compared to Russia changed the dynamic
of social relations between rich and poor.
The declining wages of working-class families in Britain led to despair, not revolution.
The control of nearly all factories in Britain by the hereditary nobility allowed the stable
traditional social structure to persist into the industrial age.
Which of the following was a reason for the failure of Marxist socialism to take root in the United
States?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
29.
Middle-class women usually continued to work outside the home after marriage.
In the late nineteenth century, many working-class women began to enter the teaching,
clerical, and nursing professions.
Working-class women usually left outside paid employment after they were married.
Though middle-class women never worked outside the home, they earned money within
the home by doing laundry or sewing clothes.
Middle class women became the educated elite of the new industrialized society.
Why was the British working-class movement less overtly revolutionary than its Russian
counterpart?
(A)
28.
Industrial cities were spread evenly across the United States.
Copper mining was confined to the western United States.
The United States possessed the largest coal deposits in the world.
America by 1900 was an industrial powerhouse that rivaled Great Britain.
Iron and steel mills were only established in close proximity to iron ore deposits.
A lack of labor unions in the United States
The relatively small number of white-collar workers in the United States
The alliance of the American Federation of Labor with the Democratic Party
The typically higher standard of living enjoyed by American workers in comparison to
their European counterparts
The homogenous nature of the American population as compared to that of many
European countries
Industrialization in Russia differed from British industrialization in which of the following ways?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Industrialization was more state-directed in Russia than in Britain.
Industrialization in Russia took place without rapid urbanization.
Russian factories tended to be much smaller than factories in Britain and other Western
European countries.
Russian industrialization occurred earlier than in Britain.
Only in Russia did a Labour Party emerge.
Era V Exam
30.
Industrialization led to violent social revolution only in
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
31.
How did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europe’s Industrial Revolution?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
32.
a decline in the status and power of creole whites.
the abolition of slavery.
the rising fortunes of indigenous Indian populations.
the creation of new legal distinctions between various racial categories.
the emergence of caudillos who seized power and implemented Marxist reforms by
eliminating all private property.
Which of the following best describes the comparison between the Industrial Revolution in Britain
and the Industrial Revolution as it unfolded in other lands across the globe?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
34.
It awakened a desire to keep all foreign influence out of Europe.
It encouraged Europeans to radically reform their culture.
It enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the world’s resources.
It did not contribute at all; Europeans did not need anything from other civilizations to
industrialize.
It allowed Europeans to copy the seventeenth-century Japanese model of
industrialization.
The most profound change in the social structure of Latin America after independence was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
33.
Britain.
Russia.
the United States.
Germany.
France.
It happened exactly in other countries as it happened in Britain.
It bore no resemblance in other countries to what happened in Britain.
The basic social outcomes were similar in Britain and other industrialized countries, but
important differences also characterized how the process unfolded.
Only Russia and the United States had similar Industrial Revolutions to Britain; every
other country was totally different.
Only Japan had a similar Industrial Revolution within fifty years of the start of the British
Industrial Revolution.
Latin America diverged from Europe during the nineteenth century in which of the following
ways?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Only a very limited market for manufactured goods developed in Latin America.
Latin America experienced little population growth.
No “middle class” emerged in Latin America.
Urbanization proceeded very slowly in Latin America.
Only Latin America quit exporting food products and raw materials to the United States.
Era V Exam
35.
Which of the following is supported by this map?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Only European powers possessed spheres of influence in China.
All treaty ports were located within spheres of influence of outside powers.
Korea is an island off the coast of Manchuria.
Chinese railways were built by the European powers.
Beijing was a treaty port.
Era V Exam
36.
Which of the following was one reason why Europeans needed to expand into new foreign
markets?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
37.
Why did ordinary Europeans come to care whether their country gained new territories around the
globe or not?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
38.
(E)
The industrialization of China created an equal trading partner for European powers.
It led to technological innovations that gave Europeans a military advantage.
It drove Europeans to transfer industrial production on a large scale to their colonies.
It led to a rapid population increase in Europe which allowed European powers to send
large numbers of colonists to China.
Prosperity from industrialization led to a decline in political rivalries between European
states.
Which of the following European ideas about Asians and Africans is older than the others,
emerging before the nineteenth century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
40.
Profits from new territories were distributed equally among all Europeans.
Most Europeans were naturally curious about other cultures around the world.
Many Europeans became swept up in mass nationalism.
Many Europeans were looking for new places to settle.
Most Europeans hoped to distribute the prosperity created by industrialization to all
humankind.
In which of the following ways did the Industrial Revolution drive European expansion in the
nineteenth century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
39.
To find vacation destinations
To build prison colonies
To unload periodic surpluses of manufactured goods
To unite humankind
To spread democracy
The idea that Asians and Africans were “heathen” because they were not Christian
The idea that the inferiority of Asians and Africans could be proved through scientific
study
The idea that Asians and Africans were inferior because Europeans had unlocked the
secrets of nature and had amassed unprecedented wealth and military power
The idea that Asians and Africans were “weaker races” that Europe was fated to
dominate
The idea that Asians and Africans were inferior because Europeans had created a society
of unprecedented wealth
In what way could the Industrial Revolution be seen as a failure, not a success?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
It did not lead to advances in medicine.
It only benefited the wealthy in those societies where it took place.
It seriously damaged the environment and traditional cultural heritage.
It did not improve the living conditions of the working class in the long run.
It failed to produce consumer goods that people actually wanted.
Era V Exam
41.
The Taiping Uprising
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
42.
How devastating was the Taiping conflict relative to other nineteenth-century conflicts in the
world?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
43.
Western nations only
Russia only
Western nations and Russia
Russia and Japan
Western nations plus Russia and Japan
What was the attitude of many of China’s Qing dynasty leadership towards the modern,
industrialized societies of the West and Japan in the latter half of the nineteenth century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
45.
It was ultimately a minor clash.
It was a potentially destructive clash that was defused through diplomacy.
It was a medium-scale affair.
It was the second worst conflict in Asia during the nineteenth century.
It caused the largest loss of life of any conflict in the nineteenth century.
Which nation(s) had carved out “spheres of influence” in China by the end of the nineteenth
century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
44.
brought about a resolution of China’s peasant problem and invigorated efforts at
modernization.
was crushed by the Chinese imperial army, strengthening the emperor in his relationship
with provincial nobles.
was a conservative movement intent on restoring an idealized Chinese society.
sought revolutionary changes, including a radical redistribution of land and recognition of
the equality of men and women.
was inspired and supported by Western powers intent on using it to establish a
government dominated by Europeans.
They totally rejected industrialization and modernization.
They took cautious and mild measures to adopt some Western innovations.
They rejected Western innovations out of hand, but adopted Japanese innovations freely.
They embarked on a program of total Westernization and modernization.
They tried very hard to master Western technology but simply could not.
In an effort to modernize, the Ottoman Empire
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
set up a new military administration along Western lines to replace the Janissaries.
instituted the Tanzimat reforms, which sought to decentralize the state by giving each
imperial region virtual autonomy.
sent ambassadors to the courts of Europe to study their administrative methods.
established a complex new system designed to distinguish the legal status of Muslim
peoples from that of non-Muslim peoples.
set up a government based on Wahhabi principles.
Era V Exam
46.
Which of the following was an important difference between China and the Ottoman Empire in
the late nineteenth century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
47.
What did the Young Turks advocate?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
48.
A renewed war against the West
A peaceful, holy land in place of the Ottoman Empire
A militantly secular Turkish national state
A jihad against all non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire
A new political regime in the Ottoman Empire based on Wahhabi principles
How did Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea compare to European imperialist
practice?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
49.
Only China attempted defensive modernization using Western ideas.
Only the Ottoman Empire was able to industrialize fully.
The Ottoman Empire developed a nationalist conception of society during the period,
whereas China failed to develop any nationalist identity.
Only the Ottoman Empire sent ambassadors to European courts to study their
administrative methods.
Only China defined its reform movement as a religious crusade.
The Japanese were less cruel toward their subjects than Europeans were to theirs.
The Japanese were far crueler toward their subjects than Europeans were to theirs.
The Japanese were just as cruel toward their subjects as the Europeans were to theirs.
The Japanese were liberators, not imperialists.
The Japanese willingly relinquished their colonies once the colonies had industrialized;
the Europeans did not.
The reform program that transformed Japan during the final decades of the nineteenth century
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ignored Western models.
was accomplished without industrialization of the country.
included a modern constitution that gave control of the military to an elected parliament.
substantially change the social structure of Japan.
led to the isolation of Japan from the rest of the world.
Era V Exam
50.
This map supports which of the following assertions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The British secured the best parts of Africa.
No independent African states survived after 1910.
Spain and Portugal maintained their status as the preeminent European colonial powers in
Africa through the nineteenth century.
Some African peoples resisted European colonial domination.
British colonies were confined to south and east Africa.
Era V Exam
51.
What role did Spain and Portugal play in the second European imperialism?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
52.
What non-European country built a substantial colonial empire that bore important similarities to
the empires of its European counterparts?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
53.
They were easily incorporated into the new European colony.
They quickly formed organized central states to deal with the European invaders.
They faced protracted, brutal warfare and mass destruction, village by village.
The Europeans enslaved these people and settled Europeans on their land.
The Europeans largely left these societies alone, not seeing them as worth controlling.
Why did Europeans become the vast majority of the population in New Zealand, Australia, and
Hawaii?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
56.
To suddenly conquer India all at once
To conquer it in stages
To arrange for India’s Mughal ruler to intermarry into the British royal family
To conquer it all at once, but then turn it back over to a puppet Mughal ruler
There was no long-range plan of the British government for taking over control of India.
What was the fate of decentralized societies that did not have a strong ruler or government under
European conquest, such as the small kingdoms and chiefdoms of West Africa?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
55.
Turkey
China
Brazil
Japan
India
What was the long-term plan of the British government for taking over control of India?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
54.
A prominent role
About the same as other European powers
A minor role
None
Spain and Portugal opposed imperialism by other Europeans with their navies.
The weather in these places was highly attractive to European/American settlers.
These places were easily accessible from Britain and the United States.
These places had never had a lot of people in them.
The native population in these places had been decimated by European disease.
These places had large deposits of gold and silver which attracted European miners.
Which of the following best characterizes the response of most Asian and African societies to
European conquests in the nineteenth century?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The responses covered a wide range from active resistance to accommodation.
Most societies accepted their defeat gracefully.
Most societies gave in to domination after a short, decisive loss to European forces.
Most societies fought long, bloody, asymmetric wars against the European invaders.
Most societies converted quickly to Christianity.
Era V Exam
57.
The arrival of colonial rule changed the working lives of colonial subjects by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
58.
How were such small numbers of Europeans able to govern such huge and populous territories?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
59.
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
After marriage, women were increasingly confined to the home in accordance with
European norms.
Women lost their central role in producing food for their families.
Women were driven completely from trade.
In areas where men worked far from home, women of impoverished families became
heads of household.
Women were allowed to work, but only in European-owned factories.
Which of the following was a way in which European colonial rule transformed its colonies?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
61.
By reinforcing the power of local rulers and thus earning their loyalty
By wiping out most of the local population through disease
By building railroads, thus traveling swiftly from place to place
By tricking local populations into thinking there were more Europeans than actually were
present
By moving large segments of colonial populations to other parts of their empires
Colonial rule in Africa had an impact on the lives of women in which of the following ways?
(A)
60.
driving most of them to return to subsistence agriculture, where each family produced
largely for its own needs.
providing an economic boon to artisans who produced handmade goods.
requiring that they devote at least some of their energies to working for wages or selling
what they produced for a cash income.
promoting the development of heavy industries, such as iron smelting in Africa.
creating large new enslaved workforces that competed with colonial subjects for jobs.
Colonial rule brought industrialization to many colonies.
Colonial rule cut off Asian and African economies into a global network of exchange.
Colonial rule conveyed to the colonies some elements of Europe’s modernizing process.
Colonial rule brought enslavement for most colonial populations.
Colonial rule led to democratic self-rule by 1914 for many colonies.
What relationship existed between the number of white settlers and the degree of racial
segregation and discrimination in African and Asian colonies?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The more white settlers in a colony, the less racial discrimination there was.
The more white settlers in a colony, the more racial discrimination there was.
The fewer white settlers in a colony, the more racial discrimination there was.
The number of white settlers and the amount of racial segregation and discrimination
were not linked.
There was no racial discrimination regardless of the number of white settlers.
Era V Exam
62.
How did Europeans justify the paradox that they valued national independence and Enlightenment
values such as freedom and equality, yet denied these things to the people they colonized?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
63.
They never noticed the irony.
They abandoned their Enlightenment beliefs so as to not be hypocrites.
They fell back on Christianity as a justification.
They feared the unrest that would occur if their colonial subjects learned modern values
such as nationalism and democracy.
(E)
They consciously abandoned Enlightenment values and substituted them with Marxist
ideas.
What role did Hindu leaders such as Swami Vivekananda see for Indian spirituality in terms of
Western culture?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
64.
They believed Indian spiritual beliefs would be destroyed by Western materialism.
They believed Indian spiritual beliefs could save the West from its own dangerous
materialism.
They believed Indian spiritual beliefs would co-exist peacefully with Western culture.
They believed that Indian spiritual beliefs would outlast the temporary dominance of the
West.
They believed that Indian spiritual beliefs were in essence the same as Western
materialism.
Before European colonialism, African peoples
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
thought of themselves primarily as “Africans.”
recognized differences among themselves but did not clearly define them.
thought of themselves in terms of distinct and separate tribes.
differentiated among themselves along the lines of race.
thought of themselves in terms of distinct and separate tribes organized into nation states.