Download Enzymes and Substrates – Penny Lab 2015

YOUR NAME: _____________________________________
Date:
PARTNER’S NAMES: _________________________________________________
Enzymes and Substrates – Penny Lab 2015
In class we discussed what would happen to the reaction rate if we increased the
substrate or enzyme amounts. We also saw a graph of those results.
In this lab, we will use pennies to make a working model that shows why the substrate
and enzyme concentrations affect the reaction rate. Listen for changes to directions on
lab day.
There are three parts to this lab:
Part 1: We will keep the substrate amount constant and vary the
amount of enzyme.
Part 2: We will keep the enzyme amount constant and vary the amount of
substrate.
Part 3: We will see what effect a coenzyme can have on the reaction rate.
For each part of the lab, you will collect and record data in a table, make calculations of
reaction rate, graph the results and draw conclusions.
This lab report will be due on __________________________
What you will turn in: (each student turns in their own report)

Lab report typed in standard lab report format (see supplementary handout). Be
sure to include the following in your Results section:

1. Three tables, 1 for each part
 Tables should be neat and organized and done on a word
processor. Tables should be labeled above the table with a
table number and name, for example:
Table 1 Empty Cells
2. Two Graphs – one for Part 1, one for Part 2 and 3 (on same graph)
 These also need to be done on the computer. If you need
help with the graphing function of Word feel free to ask for
it. Both axes should be labeled with names and units. Whole
graph should be titled. Make it neat.
 Graphs should be labeled underneath with a Figure number
and name.

Use this page as your title page. Please staple pages together.

For the Materials and Procedure section you do not need to type out all the
details. You may type: “See lab handout “Enzymes and Substrates - Penny Lab”.
Part 1: Effects of varying enzyme concentration
Substrate = Penny = monosaccharide
Product = 2 Pennies put together head to head = disaccharide
Enzyme = person putting pennies together (1 enzyme = 1 person)
Start with 60 pennies (or the quantity your instructor tells you)
Time for each trial = 30 seconds
Do 2 trials for each test and take an average
Procedure
1. Place 60 pennies on the table.
2. Choose a person to be the timer and to also record your results.
3. Choose a person to be your first enzyme (all of you will eventually be enzymes).
4. When the timer says go, the enzyme starts to pick up pennies one at a time with
one hand. Place the penny, head up, into the palm (active site) of your other
hand. Pick up a second penny and place it on top of the first, head to head. Pick
up complex from the palm of your hand and place it on the designated area of
the table. This is not a race, go quickly but aim for an accurate product.
5. When the timer says stop, the enzyme stops and the number of products (two
pennies that are head to head= one product) are counted.
6. Record the data in your chart. Repeat each trial 2 times and take the average.
7. Continue to do trials, increasing the amount of “enzymes” working, until all 60
pennies are used up within the 30 seconds.
8. After you have reached the point where all the pennies are used, do 2 more
trials increasing the enzyme by 1 each time.
9. Repeat steps 4-8 and take the average.
Make a table of your data.
Use the example below to help you set up your table for your data (your actual table
will be bigger).
Be sure to title your table.
Table 1: Effects of varying enzyme concentration
Trial
1
Amount of Substrate
# pennies
Amount of Enzyme
# people
Amount of
Product/30sec
Av.
Pp30s
Reaction rate
Product/sec
1
Make a graph of your data.
Put enzyme number (amount) on your X axis and reaction rate(product/sec) on
your Y axis.
What conclusions can you draw from this data?
Part 2: Effects of varying substrate concentration
Substrate = Penny = monosaccharide
Product = 2 Pennies put together head to head = disaccharide
Enzyme = person putting pennies together (1 enzyme = 1 person)
Start with approx 70 pennies
Time for each trial = 15 seconds
Do 2 trials for each test and take an average
Procedure
1. Place 10 pennies on the table.
2. Choose a person to be the timer and to record your results.
3. Choose 3 people to be your enzymes.
4. When the timer says go, the enzymes start to pick up pennies as described in
part 1.
5. When the timer says stop (after 15 sec), the enzymes stops and the number of
products are counted.
6. Record the data in your chart..
7. Continue to do trials, increasing the amount of the “substrate” (increase by 10
pennies each trial) until you have pennies (substrate) left over at the end of 15
seconds.
8. Once you have pennies left at the end of the trial, keep adding pennies (10 at a
time) for two more trials.
9. Repeat steps 3-8 and take the average.
Make a table of your data.
Use the example below to help you set up your table for your data.
Be sure to title your table.
Table 2: Effects of varying substrate concentration
Trial
Amount of Substrate
Amount of Enzyme
1
10
3
# pennies
# people
Amount of
Product/15sec
Av.
Pp15s
Reaction rate
Product/sec
Make a graph of your data.
Put substrate number on your X axis and reaction rate on your Y axis.
What conclusions can you draw from this data?
Part 3: Effects of adding a coenzyme
Substrate = Penny = monosaccharide
Product = 2 Pennies put together head to head = disaccharide
Enzyme = person putting pennies together (1 enzyme = 1 person)
Start with approx. 70 pennies
Time for each trial = 15 seconds
Do 2 trials for each test and take an average
Combine two groups for this portion
Procedure
1. Place 10 pennies on the table.
2. Choose a person to be the timer and to record your results.
3. Choose a 3 people to be your enzymes.
4. Chose 2-3 people to be your coenzymes. The coenzymes will organize the
pennies on the table by making one line of pennies that are head up and one line
that is head down. The enzyme can then pick up the first penny in each line.
Each enzyme with work with 2 coenzymes, a “head up” coenzyme and a “tail up”
coenzyme.
5. When the timer says go, will start to sort the pennies. The enzyme will make the
product the same way it was made previously.
6. When the timer says stop, the enzyme stops and the number of products are
counted.
7. Record the data in your chart..
10. Continue to do trials, increasing the amount of “substrate” (increase by 10
pennies each trial) until you have pennies (substrate) left over at the end of 15
seconds.
11. Once you have pennies left at the end of the trial, keep adding pennies (10 at a
time) for two more trials.
12. Repeat steps 5-11 and take the average.
Make a table of your data.
Use the example below to help you set up your table for your data.
Be sure to title your table.
Table 3: Effects of adding a coenzyme
Trial
Amount of Substrate
Amount of Enzyme
1
10
3
# pennies
# people
Amount of
Product/15sec
Av.
Pp15s
Reaction rate
Product/sec
Substrate Concentration Constant Enzyme Increasing
Reaction Rate - Product per second
Rate of Enzyme Action - Substrate per
second
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1
2
3
Amount of Enzyme
4
Penny Sandwich Production Rate
Reaction rate/ Product/sec
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Amount of Substrate (#)
Reaction Rate (prod/sec)Without Coenzymes
Reaction Rate (prod/sec)With Coenzyme
80
Name ___________________________________
Parts of lab
Typed
Standard lab format used:
Title
Introduction/Purpose
Materials
Procedure
Results
Tables (3)
Graphs (2)
Analysis and Conclusions
Correct page on top
Total Possible
Section
included
and in
correct
order
-
Points
Possible
10
2
2
2
2
2
15
10
2
5
Points
Received
-
52
Your Points
Your Points/Total Points Possible (52 + 80 = 132)
Points
Possible
for
content of
section
N/A
N/A
N/A
10
5
10
15
10
30
N/A
Points
Received
80
/132
-
-
-