Download Yr 9 2008 FINAL PAPER

NORTHCOTE COLLEGE
YEAR 9
SCIENCE EXAMINATION
November 2008
Time allowed – 2 hours
Name :______________________________________
Teacher: ______________________ Class: ________
INSTRUCTIONS
1
Answer all the sections
2
Write your answers in the spaces provided
Section
1
2
3
4
5
Skills
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Astronomy
Achieved
Merit
Excellence
Final
Grade
2
SKILLS
QUESTION ONE
(a) How much water is in measuring cylinder A? Include the units of volume.
_________________________ (number) ________________________ (units)
(b) Complete diagram B to show it containing 44 mL of water
(c) Discuss why it is better to use measuring cylinder A instead of measuring cylinder B if you have to
measure 21 mL of acid.
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(d) In the space below draw a scientific diagram of the equipment you would set up to boil 100 mL
water and measure its temperature.
 Use a ruler
 Label all equipment
3
QUESTION TWO
A student made some paper helicopters.
She changed the length of the wings each time she made a new one. She held each one up to the
ceiling and measured how long it took to reach the ground. The diagrams show her results. The
helicopters are marked with the wing lengths and the times they took to reach the ground.
C
E
A
B
D
(a) Complete the results table below by filling in the figures from the diagram above.
The first one has been done for you.
Helicopter
Wing length (cm)
A
5
Time to reach
the ground (s)
1.5
B
C
D
E
(b) Describe the pattern / trend in her results.
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QUESTION THREE
(a) In the boxes below draw the named pieces of equipment as scientific 2D diagrams. Use a pencil
and ruler. The Measuring cylinder has been done as an example.
Measuring cylinder
Beaker
Conical flask
Filter funnel
Evaporating dish /
basin
Test tube
Bunsen Burner
Tripod
(b) List the piece or pieces of equipment you would use to do each of the following tasks. These may
include equipment not listed above.
(i) Filter muddy water
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(ii) Measure the volume of a small stone.
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(iii) Burn a piece of magnesium ribbon in a Bunsen flame.
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QUESTION FOUR
A tray is hanging by a thick rubber band. When John adds blocks to the tray, the rubber band stretches
and the tray moves closer to the desk top. His results are shown on the chart below.
Number of
blocks
0
1
2
3
10
20
Rubber
band
Length of
rubberband (cm)
10
20
30
40
30
40
60
50
60
70
80
Blocks
Desk top
Tray
(a) Graph John’s results below. Choose an appropriate scale and label each axis.
(b) What can you say about the relationship between the number of blocks and the stretch of the
rubber band?
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(c) How many blocks will be needed to make the tray just touch the desk?
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90
100
6
BIOLOGY
QUESTION ONE
The characteristics of living things are movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction,
excretion and nutrition (the mnemonic MRS GREN can be used to remember them).
(a)
Match each sentence below with the MRS GREN characteristic which best fits it.
(i)
Livingstone daisies open out in bright sunlight and close up again when it gets dark.
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(ii)
Plants produce carbon dioxide gas in the dark
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(iii)
The water in an unused swimming pool gets steadily greener due to tiny plants.
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(iv)
A plant placed near a window will lean towards the light.
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(v)
Plants produce oxygen, as a waste product, during photosynthesis.
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(vi)
A coffee table made from a cross-section of a tree has a circular pattern on it.
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(b)
(vii)
Leaves produce starch. ____________________________________
(i)
On the diagram below name the different parts of the cell.
Choose from the words in the box to label the diagram.
Cell wall; cytoplasm;
nucleus; cell membrane
1
2
3
(ii)
Is this cell a plant cell or an animal cell? Discuss what features helped you to decide
Animal / plant (circle correct answer)
Reasons:
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(c)
This is a key of some students and their characteristics.
Students in class
Hair not blond
Blond hair
Brown eyes
Blue eyes
Curly hair
Tongue
roll
Chris
Free ear
lobe
Straight hair
Cannot
tongue
roll
Stan
Lefthanded
Nigel
Green eyes
Blue eyes
Attached
ear lobe
Box A
No
freckles
Righthanded
Sam
Paul
George
Susan
Anne
Jane
Use the key to answer the following questions.
(i)
List four characteristics for Nigel as shown above.
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(ii)
How many students either have blue eyes or green eyes?
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(iii)
Who has curly hair and brown eyes?
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(iv)
What should be written in box A?
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QUESTION TWO
A plant has three main parts: the leaves, the stem and the roots
(a)
(i)
Explain the main functions of the leaves:
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(ii)
Discuss the main functions of the stem:
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(iii)
Describe one function of the roots:
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(b)
Write an aim for each of these experiments involving PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
(i)
Geranium leaf (attached
to plant)
Strip of aluminium
foil going around
this section of leaf
Aim:
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(ii)
Leaf decolourised by boiling
it in methylated spirits and
then iodine is added to it.
Aim:
____________________________________________________________________________
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(iii)
Sealed glass container
left in light
Sealed glass container
left in light
Aim: _______________________________________________________________________
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10
Leaves are specially designed to be efficient food factories. Leaves have external and internal features
which help them to carry out photosynthesis. These features are called adaptations. Below is a
diagram of the internal structure of a leaf.
(c)
(i)
Use the names, provided in the box below, to label the diagram correctly.
epidermal layer, vein,
chloroplast
guard cell,
palisade layer,
spongy layer
nucleus
1
2
3
4
5
Stoma (plural stomata)
(ii)
Explain how the part labelled 2, helps the leaf to be efficient at carrying out
photosynthesis.
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(iii)
To carry out photosynthesis a green leaf needs water, light energy and ONE other
substance.
Name this substance
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(iv)
The products of photosynthesis are glucose and ONE other substance.
Name this substance
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QUESTION THREE
(a) Germination is when a seed absorbs water and starts to grow a tiny
shoot and root. A seed needs water and oxygen for germination. You
are asked to design an experiment to show whether seeds also need
light for germination or not.
Carefully discuss how you would carry out this experiment and
explain the results you would expect. You may use labelled diagrams
to help you.
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(b) Seed dispersal (spreading) is very important to plants. Explain in detail, ONE way that a seed can
be dispersed. Use a labelled diagram to help you.
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(c)
Some flowers are pollinated by the wind instead of by insects. The diagrams below show some
differences between an insect-pollinated flower (A) and a wind-pollinated flower (B).
A
B
Discuss how at least TWO differences between insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
are an advantage to each type of plant.
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13
CHEMISTRY
QUESTION ONE
When petrol changes state...
This is the heating curve of octane (the main component in petrol).
Octane’s melting point is -57°C.
a)
(i) What is the temperature of the octane at the start of the investigation? _______________°C
(ii) Is the state of the octane a solid, liquid, or gas at the start of the investigation?
_______________________________________________________
b)
At what temperature does the octane begin boiling? ________________________________°C
c)
What two states would you observe at point A? ______________________________________
d)
What state would you observe at point B? __________________________________________
e)
What two states would you observe at point C? ______________________________________
f)
In terms of the particles, discuss what is happening when the octane is rapidly boiling.
The particles are:
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QUESTION TWO
Study the diagram below. This experiment was set up to separate the water from sea
water.
(a)
There are three changes of state (e.g., solid → liquid) occurring in this diagram.
What are these changes, and where are they occurring?
Change of state
solid → liquid
Where the change is occurring
(b)
This method of separation is called (decanting, filtering, distilling, crystallising). Choose the
correct one.
__________________________________________
(c)
Discuss how this method of separation works.
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(d)
Whilst Mark was making his father a cup of tea he remembered that his teacher has taught him
the meaning of the words solute and solvent.
Explain the meaning of the words solvent and solute.
(i) Solvent:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Solute :
____________________________________________________________________________
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QUESTION THREE
An atom has the structure as shown in the diagram.
(a)
(i) Name each of the three types of particles shown in this
atom.
(ii) What is the Atomic Number of this element? _________
(iii) What is the Mass Number of this element? ___________
(a) The following list gives the names and some chemical formulae. Circle the compounds.
(c) State how many atoms are present in the following formulae.
A chemical reaction that you have done in the lab is the burning of magnesium in air. Gemma did this
experiment and described it as follows.
“A strip of shiny magnesium ribbon was held with tongs in the Bunsen flame. It caught fire and
burned with a very bright white flame, making a white smoke and leaving behind a white solid.”
(d) Carefully explain how Gemma’s description shows that this was a chemical change.
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(e) If the magnesium was reacting with oxygen (in the air) to make magnesium oxide, write a
simple word equation that describes this reaction.
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(f) Gemma performs another experiment in which a gas is produced. Her friend told her that this
gas was carbon dioxide. Explain how Gemma could test whether this gas is carbon dioxide or
not.
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(g) Air is made up of a mixture of gases. This mixture contains 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen as
the major gases.
A balloon, filled with Helium gas, rises up in the air when released. With reference to the
physical properties of gases, discuss why the Helium filled balloon rises up in the air.
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17
PHYSICS
QUESTION ONE
A group of friends have decided to help in the school stage production.
Jackie notices that it gets very hot on the stage soon after the lights are switched on.
(a)
What type of heat transfer is heating the stage area.
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(b)
Explain why the air is hotter in the ceiling area above the lights than on the stage.
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(c)
Sometimes the lights need to be moved.
Explain why the handles of the lights are made of plastic.
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(d)
The director and an actor were standing on the stage under the lights. The act or was
dressed in black and felt hot. The director was dressed in white and felt cool. Discuss how
the colour of their clothing made the temperature appear different to each of them.
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(e)
Fred bought an electric toothbrush because he heard that it would help him prevent those costly
trips to the dentist. He found that it was powered by two small batteries.
Complete the boxes to show the energy change sequence that occurs as the toothbrush is working.
Kinetic Energy
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QUESTION TWO
(a)
In her Science class, Mary and two of her friends made a simple pinhole camera. They taped
some photographic film on the inside back wall of a shoe box and sealed the box up with black
tape before leaving the dark room. They took the box outside and set it up on a table pointing
towards a tree. Then they pushed a drawing pin into the front wall of the box. When they were
ready they removed the drawing pin for a few seconds and then replaced it in the hole.
They developed their strip of film and found they had produced a clear negative of the tree.
tree
Pin-hole camera box
film
Drawing pin
table
(i)
Draw a ray diagram in the space below which clearly illustrates how the image of the tree
was produced on the photographic film at the back of the pin-hole camera.
Pinhole
camera
FILM
Tree
(ii)
List three important characteristics of the image of the tree on the film.
(iii) Describe the effect on the image if the pin hole was made larger.
(iv) Suppose Mary repeated the whole process of making a photographic negative, but this
time used two drawing pins to make two holes about 2cm apart. Discuss the image she
would see on the developed film and explain its appearance.
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(b)
Next, Mary and her friend investigated images in a plane mirror. They stood a large vertical
mirror on a desk and hung an object on a string 60cm in front of it.
Mary’s
eye
Mirror
Object
(i)
On the diagram above draw the image in its correct position.
(ii)
Draw a reflected ray of light that comes from the object and enters Mary’s eye. Add a
construction to this ray that shows why Mary sees the image in the position you drew it
(iii) Add a Normal line and clearly label the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection
(c)
To study refraction, Mary shines a laser beam onto the side of a rectangular glass block as shown
below.
Glass block
30º
Laser
beam
(i)
On the diagram above draw the refracted ray inside the glass.
(ii) Continue the ray to show clearly what it does as it re-enters the air.
(iii) Where the ray passes out through the glass, show the angle of incidence and refraction by
labelling their correct positions on the diagram. Remember to draw a normal.
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(d)
Mary found that the laser beam behaved strangely when she shone it up into a tank of
water at a certain angle – as shown below.
A
B
water surface
laser
beam
C
Describe what is happening to the laser-beam at point B.
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(e)
When Mary placed a small bead on the bottom of the water tank she noticed that the apparent
depth of the bead was less than its real depth.
Complete the ray diagram below to show the position of the image of the bead and label the
image.
to Mary’s
eyes
water surface
bead
(f)
(i)
Draw a careful labeled diagram which illustrates how a narrow beam of sunlight is
affected as it passes through a glass prism, striking a screen on the other side.
(ii)
What is the name given to this effect of the prism on white light?
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22
ASTRONOMY
QUESTION ONE
a)
These star maps show the positions of several stars and constellations as seen from Wellington
at two different times of the year. Explain why the stars appear in different parts of the night
sky, depending on the time of year they are observed.
___________________________________________________________________________
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(b) Read this information about stars.
The brightest star in our night sky is Sirius. It has a luminosity (brightness) 23 times that of our Sun.
Sirius is an example of a type of star called main sequence stars and has a surface temperature of
10 000C. Other stars, known as supergiants, e.g., Antares and Betelgeuse, are much cooler (under
3 000C) but have a greater luminosity (700 times) because of their size. Another star type, the
white dwarfs, e.g., Procyon B have temperatures around 15 000C but are only 1/100 the brightness
of the Sun.
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Complete the table to show all the above information.
Star type
Star example
QUESTION TWO
The diagrams show how the Moon appeared on 10 successive evenings.
Use the information below to answer the questions, which follow.
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
a)
On the chart above, draw the shape of the Moon on the 11th and 14th.
b)
On what date would you see the next new Moon? _______________________________
c)
Explain how and why the shape of the Moon appears to change over these 10 days.
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QUESTION THREE
Read this story and answer the questions in it.
I was having my breakfast before going to school,
when – CRASH! There in our backyard was an alien
getting out of his flying saucer. Not again!! This was
the third time this month these disorientated pilots had
messed up my lawn; I bet they will ask the same old
questions!
“Have I landed on Earth?” enquired this alien.
“Yes you have, and you’ve wrecked the glasshouse.” I said. (I was learning to be direct with these
guys.)
“Could you explain to me where planet Earth fits in your solar system?” he asked.
a)
Explain where planet Earth fits into the solar system to the alien.
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“Well, I had better repair my spacecraft, where I come from we have no darkness, just light all
the time.” the alien said.
b)
Explain to the alien how long one Earth day is and how we get light and dark on the Earth.
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“Well, I will have to get on with the repair job, won’t I?” The
alien looked down at his tool kit, then screeched; “What’s that?”
as he looked at his shadow.
c)
Tell the worried alien why we have shadows.
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“I must say, that this Earth is nice and warm,” said the alien.
“That’s because we’re in the middle of the season called summer,” I replied, and before he
could open his mouth I explained what causes seasons and the weather we get with each one.
d)
Write down any two seasons and a description of the type of weather we get with these two
seasons.
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e)
Discuss what it is about the Earth that causes seasons.
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Later as it began to get dark, our alien friend began to get nervous. “I don’t like this darkness at
all…and look at the half eaten yellow ball in the sky!”
“It’s the Moon,” I said.
“Why is it shining?” he asked.
(f)
Explain to the alien why the Moon “shines”.
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“I must say, I quite like your planet. What are you doing tomorrow?”
“I have to go to school,” I replied.
“Well, I don’t like the planet that much, I’ve heard of that place!! I’ll be off to Xeptron at first light,
thanks for your help!”
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QUESTION FOUR
M
Sun
Earth
W
[Not drawn to scale]
This diagram shows an eclipse of the Sun (solar eclipse).
a)
b)
c)
d)
Put an X on the diagram of the Earth to show an area of the Earth where a person would see a
total solar eclipse.
Put a Y on the diagram to show an area of the Earth where a partial solar eclipse would be
seen.
Draw another ray on the diagram to show another area of partial solar eclipse.
Would a person standing at W see an eclipse?
i)
Yes / No
(Circle one)
ii)
Explain your answer.
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