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Transcript 
Development of GI system
陳建榮
http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/index2.php?pid=75
GI system:
-Primitive Gut Morphogenesis
-Foregut
-Midgut
-Hindgut
-Foregut embryology
-Midgut embryology
-Hindgut embryology
Formation of primitive gut
Head fold, tail fold and lateral fold
-Foregut
-Midgut
-Hindgut
Primitive gut:
The primitive gut:
-Foregut 前腸
-esophagus
-stomach(S)
-proximal half of the duodenum (PD),
-liver and pancreas.
-Midgut 中腸
-distal half of the duodenum(DD)
-jejunum(J),
-ileum(I),
-cecum(C),
-appendix,
-ascending colon and the right 3/4 of the transverse colon.
-Hindgut 後腸
-left 1/4 of the transverse colon
-the descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-the rectum(R) down to the ano-rectal line (the endoderm-ectoderm
junction).
The blood supply:
-Foregut : celiac artery
-Midgut :superior mesenteric artery
-Hindgut :inferior mesenteric artery
The venous drainage of the gut :
-Foregut : portal vein
-Midgut : superior mesenteric vein
-Hindgut :inferior mesenteric vein.
Functional divisions of primitive GI system
DIVISION
ARTERY
VEIN
LYMPHATICS
SYMPATHETIC
PARASYMPATH
ETIC
FOREGUT:
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal half of duodenum (up to
common bile duct (CBD))
Liver
Pancreas
CELIAC
ARETERY
PORTAL VEIN
Spleenic vein
Gastric vein
CELIAC NODES
CELIAC GANGLIA
VAGUS
MIDGUT:
Distal half of duodenum (from
CBD)
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Cecum
Ascending colon
Right 3/4 of transverse colon
SUPERIOR
MESENTERIC
ARTERY
SUPERIOR
MESENTERIC
VEIN
SUPERIOR
MESENTERIC
NODES
SUPERIOR
MESENTERIC
GANGLIA
VAGUS
HINDGUT:
Left 1/4 of transverse colon
Descending colon
All of rectum down to ano-rectal
line
INFERIOR
MESENTERIC
ARTERY
INFERIOR
MESENTERIC
VEIN
INFERIOR
MESENTERIC
NODES
GANGLIA
HYPOGASTRIC
PLEXUS
PELVIC
SPLANCHNIC
NERVES
GI system:
-Primitive Gut Morphogenesis
-Foregut Embryology
-Development of stomach
-Development of mesentery
-Liver morphogenesis
-Pancrease morphogenesis
-Midgut embryology
-Hindgut embryology
Development of stomach
Stomach:
-Clock wise 90
-Greater curvature of stomach胃大彎
-Lesser curvature of stomach胃小彎
-Vagus n.
Development of stomach
Development of stomach
GI system:
-Primitive Gut Morphogenesis
-Mesentery morphogenesis
-Dorsal mesentery背總腸繫膜
-Ventral mesentery腹總腸繫膜
-Foregut Embryology
-Midgut embryology
-Hindgut embryology
Formation of Greater omentum大網膜
網膜孔
網膜囊
THE MESENTERY:
-ventral mesentery:
-falciform lig.鐮狀韌帶
-lesser omentum小網膜
-coronary lig.冠狀韌帶
-triangular lig.三角韌帶
-dorsal mesentery:
-Mesogastrium : greater omentum大網膜, omentum bursa網膜囊
-Mesoduodenum十二指膜系膜
-mesentery proper (distal duodenum, jejunum and ileum),
-mesocolon 結腸系膜
-Mesorectum直腸系膜
4 weeks
5 weeks
Development of liver:
-Hepatic diverticulum肝憩室
-Hepatic cords 肝索
-Gallbladder膽囊
-Ventral pancreatic bud腹側胰芽
5 weeks
6 weeks
Development of pancrease
-Dorsal pancreatic bud背側胰芽
-Body and tail of pancrease, accessory pancreatic duct
-Ventral pancreatic bud腹側胰芽
-Uncinate process of pancrase, main pancreatic duct
Clinical problems
Annular pancrease環狀胰臟
Duodenal stenosis or atresia十二指腸栓塞或狹窄
Development of spleen
Accessory spleen副脾
GI system:
-Primitive Gut Morphogenesis
-Foregut Embryology
-Midgut embryology
-Rotation of midgut loop
-Retum of midgut to abdomen
-Fixation of intestine
-Cecum and appendix
-Hindgut embryology
6 weeks
Rotation of midgut loop
- Counterclock wise 90
10 weeks
Retum of midgut to abdomen
11 weeks
Midgut development of animals
Midgut development of animals
Clinical problems
Umbilical hernia
↑
↓
Gastroschisis
Muscles of abdominal wall : normal
Gastroschisis 裂腹畸形(前腹壁缺損)
Nonrotation of midgut
Mixed rotation and volvulus
Internal hernia
Reversed rotation
Midgut volvulus
Fixation of intestine
Cecum and appendix
Clinical problems
Meckel’s diverticulum梅爾氏憩室
Ileal diverticulum迴腸憩室
Duplication of intestine腸重覆
GI system:
-Primitive Gut Morphogenesis
-Foregut Embryology
-Midgut embryology
-Hindgut embryology
-Partitioning of cloaca泄殖腔
-Urorectal septum泌尿直腸隔
-Cloaca泄殖腔
-Urogenital sinus泌尿生殖竇
-Anal canal肛管
Partition of cloaca
Anal canal
恥狀線
原肛
Clinical problems
Type I
Type II
肛門會陰瘻管
直腸陰道瘻管
Type III
直腸尿道瘻管
Type IV
Membranous atresia of anal
Rectovaginal fistula
直腸陰道瘻管
Rectourethral fistula
直腸尿道瘻管
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