Download Gateway Review

1.
Biomolecule
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
Monomer
2.
Molecule
Simple Sugar
Starch
Lipid
Protein
Test Reagent
3. Define the following terms:
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
4. How are active and passive transport different? List 2 different types of passive
transport and 2 different types of active transport.
5. Draw a diagram to show endo and exocytosis.
6. Draw a situation where the net movement of water would be into a cell and a situation
where the net movement of water would be out of the cell.
7. List three differences between plant and animal cells. Draw an animal cell and a
plant cell and label both. Next to your labels, list the function of each organelle.
8. How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells different? What 3 parts are common to
ALL cells regardless of their type?
9. How are sexual and asexual reproduction different?
10. Draw the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Label the
products and the reactants. How are these equations related?
11. What are the three steps in cellular respiration? How much ATP is produced in
each step, and where does each step take place?
12. Where do the light and dark reactions take place in photosynthesis? What are the
purposes of each?
13. What are anaerobic and aerobic respirations? Which produces more ATP? What
types of anaerobic respiration are there? What type of anaerobic respiration do
our muscles do when we run out of oxygen?
14. Draw a diagram of the cell cycle and explain what happens in each step.
15. Draw the four steps of mitosis and below each step explains what happens in each
step. How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals?
16. Draw the eight steps of meiosis and explain how meiosis and mitosis are different.
17. What are independent assortment and crossing over? Why are they important?
18. Define haploid and diploid. What are the haploid and diploid number for
humans?
19. Draw a chromosome and label the centromere and sister chromatids.
20. Explain how DNA, genes, and chromosomes are related.
21. Who is the father of modern genetics and what did he do his experiments on?
22. What is a genotype and a phenotype? What are alleles?
23. Define heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, and recessive.
24. Draw a Punnett Square for a cross between 2 heterozygous tall plants and list
genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
25. Draw a Punnett Square for a cross between 2 pink flowers (incomplete dominance
where red is incompletely dominant over white). List genotypic and phenotypic
ratios.
26. Draw a Punnett Square for a cross between 2 roan cows (red and white are
codominant). List genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
27. Draw a Punnett Square for a cross between 2 heterozygous tall (tall is dominant
short is recessive) heterozygous purple (purple is dominant, white is recessive)
flowering plants and list genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
28. Draw a Punnett Square for a cross between someone heterozygous for A blood
with someone heterozygous for B blood. List genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
29. Draw a Punnett Square for a female heterozygous for baldness (hair is dominant
over baldness) and a male with hair. List genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
30. How can you look at a pedigree and tell that a trait is sex-linked?
31. What are replication, transcription, and translation?
32. Draw a DNA strand 21 bases long, its complimentary DNA strand, the
complimentary RNA strand, and the amino acids that would go with it.
33. What are nonvascular plants, vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms and
examples of each?
34. What are evolution and natural selection? Explain both using the case of the
peppered moths.
35. How does a dichotomous key work?
36. What are the levels of taxonomic classification? What is binomial nomenclature?
37. What are bilateral and radial symmetry? Draw an example of each.
38. What are incomplete and complete metamorphosis? Draw an example of each
and explain how you can tell the difference between the two.
39. How are sexual and asexual reproduction different?
40. What is alternation of generations? Draw an example.
41. What are producers, decomposers, and consumers? Draw an energy pyramid and
label each level. How much energy passes from one level to the next? Is more
energy available at the bottom or the top?
42. What are mutualism, parasitism, and commensalisms, and list an example of each.
43. What is ATP and how is it used?
44. What is a mutation?
45. What is the main cause of extinction?
46. What gas is most responsible for global warming?
47. List the major biomes and their major characteristics.
48. What are the functions and organs that make up the digestive, reproductive,
lymphatic, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems?
49. What is an enzyme, and how does it work?
50. What are biotic and abiotic factors? List 4 examples of each.
51. What techniques do scientists use to determine how closely related two organisms
are?
52. Define innate behavior, operant conditioning, and learned behavior, and list
examples of each.
53. How can you tell which fossil in layers of rock is the oldest?