Download Minerals, Rocks, and Mineral Resources

Minerals,
Rocks, and
Mineral
Resources
Name:________________
Highlands Middle School
Earth Science: Mr. Babicz
Minerals, Rocks, and Mineral Resources Vocabulary
Using the word bank below, Topic 11 in your Earth Science workbook, and your glossary found in the back of
your workbook, match the words with their correct definitions.
Cleavage
Contact Metamorphism
Extrusive
Fossil
Fracture
Igneous Rock
Inorganic
Intrusive
Luster
Magma
Metamorphic Rock
Mineral
Precipitation (Minerals)
Regional Metamorphism
Rock Cycle
Sedimentary Rock
The way in which a mineral breaks.
Not made by something that at one time was alive.
A model that represents how rock changes over the course of
time.
The process in which rocks come in contact with magma or
lava and recrystallize the rock.
The way a mineral looks or shine in reflected light.
A type of sediment in which dissolved minerals come out of
solution to form solids.
Rocks that form directly from sediments at or near Earth’s
surface.
A rock formed by the solidification of lava above Earth’s
surface.
A rock formed by the solidification of magma or lava.
Molten material below Earth’s surface.
The formation of metamorphic rocks over large areas due to
an increases in heat and pressure.
Any physical evidence of former life.
A rock formed by extreme amounts of heat and pressure.
The tendency of a mineral to break along zones of weakness.
A naturally occurring, crystalline solid having a somewhat
definite chemical composition. Each has a unique crystal
structure which causes its physical and chemical properties.
A rock formed by the solidification of magma below Earth’s
surface.
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Minerals
A mineral is a _______________ occurring, inorganic, _______________ solid having a definite
_______________ composition.
Naturally Occurring means that ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Inorganic means that ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Crystalline means that _____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
*Each mineral has its own _______________ crystal structure.*
Mineral vs. Rock
 All minerals are __________.
 Minerals contain ______________ matter.
Think of minerals as
the ingredients and
rocks as the cookies!
 Not all rocks are minerals or are composed of minerals.
 Rocks are _______________ formed, but can contain organic matter.
Mineral Properties
 Color: Usually the most __________, BUT very _______________.
o Ex. Sulfur is always yellow. However, quartz can be clear, pink, white, etc.
 _______________: The way an unweathered minerals surface shines.
o Metallic: Shines like metals.
o _______________: Looks earthy, waxy, greasy, or pearly.
 _______________: The color of the powder left behind after the mineral is rubbed on an
unglazed porcelain plate.
 Hardness: A minerals _______________ to being scratched.
o __________ Hardness Scale (1-10)

Talc = 1 (very soft)

Glass = 5.5
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
Diamond = 10 (hardest)
 Cleavage: The tendency of a mineral to split along one or more smooth, __________
planes.
o Minerals that do not have cleavage are said to have _______________. (break
unevenly)
Some other characteristics include:
 _______________: Magnetite
 Reacting to __________: Calcite
 Tastes Salty: _______________
The most
important question
about minerals is …
**What causes minerals to have different physical characteristics?**
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
All information on minerals can be found
on page _____ of the ESRT!
 Exercise #1 – Workbook Review Questions
Directions:
1. Answer questions #1-17 on pages 44-45 in your workbook in the space provided below.
2. Remember to look back at the reading from pages #39-43, your ESRT, and your notes.
1. __________
7. __________
13. __________
2. __________
8. __________
14. __________
3. __________
9. __________
15. __________
4. __________
10. _________
16.___________
5. __________
11. __________
17. __________
6. __________
12. __________
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 Exercise #2 – Properties of Common Minerals Practice
Complete the chart below.
Mineral Name
Hardness
Cleavage or
Fracture
Common
Colors
Distinguishing
Characteristics
Hematite
Halite
Calcite
Quartz
Garnet
1. Nonmetallic luster, color is pink to white, it has cleavage, and its hardness is 6. Name that mineral!!!
2. Metallic luster, color is silver, it has cleavage, its hardness is 2.5, and it’s very dense. Name that mineral!!!
3. Nonmetallic luster, color is white, feels soapy, and its hardness is 1. Name that mineral!!!
4. Metallic luster, color of gold/brass, it fractures not cleaves, and its hardness is 6.5. Name that mineral!!
5. Nonmetallic luster, color is clear, it has cleavage, a salty taste, and its hardness is 2.5. Name that mineral!!!
6. Nonmetallic luster, dark red, it fractures not cleaves, and its hardness is a 7. Name that mineral!!!
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Rock Identification
 Exercise #3 – Earth Science… ROCKS!!
Stationed around the room are three sets of rocks. You will be given five minutes at each station to examine the
rocks. While you are examining the rocks, write down some characteristics that you observe that are common
amongst all or several of the rocks in each set. Do this in the space provided below.
Rock Set #1
___________________
Rock Set #2
___________________
Rock Set #3
_____________________
a.
a.
a.
b.
b.
b.
c.
c.
c.
d.
d.
d.
Rocks are classified into three categories based on their ______________________.
– _______________
– _______________
– _______________
Each group is distinguished and identified based on ___________________ and ____________________.
Texture: _______, _______, and _______________ of materials.
– NOT how rough it feels.
Composition: Most rocks are composed of individual grains of minerals called ________________________.
Intergrown or interconnecting mineral crystals are ____________.
Checklist
A rock is igneous if it has:
1. __________________________________
A rock is metamorphic if it has:
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
A rock is sedimentary if it has:
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
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 Exercise #4 – The Rock Cycle
Answer the following questions using the ESRT and your knowledge or Earth Science.
1. Which would most likely occur during the formation of a sedimentary rock?
1) compression and cementation of sediments
3) recrystallization of unmelted material
2) solidification of molten materials
4) extreme amounts of heat and pressure
2. Metamorphic rocks form as a result of
1) melting and solidification
2) heat and pressure
3) erosion and deposition
4) wind and rain
3. A rock that has formed from the solidification of magma is most likely a
1) sedimentary rock
2) igneous rock
3) metamorphic rock
4) impossible to determine
4. According to the ESRT, which sequence of events occurs in the formation of a sedimentary rock?
1) source material eroded – sediments compacted and cemented – sediments deposited
2) source material eroded – sediments deposited – sediments compacted and cemented
3) sediments deposited – sediments compacted and cemented – source material eroded
4) source material eroded – sediments compacted and cemented – sediments deposited
5. When an igneous rock melts and then solidifies, it becomes
1) a sedimentary rock
2) an igneous rock
3) a metamorphic rock
4) a sediment
6. According to the rock cycle diagram in the ESRT, and igneous rock can not be changed directly into a
1) sediment
2) metamorphic rock 3) magma
4) sedimentary rock
7. What process must occur in order for a metamorphic rock to become a sediment?
1) solidification
2) deposition
3) weathering and erosion
4) heat and pressure
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8. According to the ESRT is it possible for a sediment to erode and become a sediment again? Explain. _______
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Explain how a sedimentary rock can become an igneous rock. _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Is it possible for magma to immediately become a metamorphic rock? Explain. _______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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 Exercise #4 – Sedimentary Rocks
Complete the table below using your ESRT!
Rock
Name
Clastic, Crystalline,
Bioclastic
Composition
Method of
Lithification
Map Symbol
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 Exercise #5 – Sedimentary Rock Questions
1. What are the maximum and minimum dimensions (the size range) for
the following particle sizes?
a. cobble: _______________
b. pebble: _______________
c. sand: _______________
2. Draw a picture of a pebble at its maximum size.
3. How can you distinguish a clastic (fragment) sedimentary rock
from a chemically formed sedimentary rock? ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Describe the sequence of events in the formation of an evaporate. __
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Describe the sequence of events in the lithification of a sandstone. _
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Explain why sedimentary rocks are found covering large areas of
continental igneous rocks. _____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is a monomineralic sedimentary rock? Give at least one
example. ______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Explain the difference between conglomerate and breccia. What
processes cause the difference? __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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 Exercise #6 – Igneous Rocks
Complete the table below using your ESRT!
Intrusive
or
Rock Name
Color
Texture
Extrusive
Minerals Present (%)
Felsic /
Mafic
Density
(g/ml)
Other Observations
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 Exercise #7 – Igneous Rock Questions
1. Explain how the size of the mineral crystals in an igneous rock is affected by the rate at which molten rock
cools. ____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. List some characteristics or igneous rocks that can help you determine if a rock is intrusive or extrusive. ___
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. In general, how does the mineral composition of a light colored igneous rock differ from that of a dark
colored igneous rock? _______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What criteria would you use to classify an igneous rock? _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the difference between magma and lava? _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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 Exercise #8 – Metamorphic Rocks
Complete the table below using your ESRT!
Rock
Name
Map Symbol
Foliated or
Nonfoliated
If
foliated,
give type
Type of
Metamorphism
(Contact/Regional)
Composition
Probable Original
Rock
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 Exercise #9 – Metamorphic Rock Questions
1. Explain why rocks formed by contact metamorphism are usually not as dense as those
formed by regional metamorphism. _______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain why fossils are rarely found in metamorphic rocks. ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Using the concept of density in your answer, explain why the minerals in metamorphic
rocks often rearrange in layers. __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Based on what you have learned, would you rather build your house on metamorphic
bedrock or sedimentary bedrock? Explain. _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain the difference between gneiss and schist. What causes the difference? _________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Explain the difference between conglomerate and metaconglomerate. ___________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What processes are responsible for the formation of metamorphic rocks? _______________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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 Exercise #10 – Workbook Review Questions: Igneous Rocks
Directions:
1. Answer questions #18-31 on pages #48-49 in your workbook in the space provided below.
2. Remember to look back at the reading from pages #45-48, your notes, and your ESRT.
18. __________
23. __________
28. __________
19. __________
24. __________
29. __________
20. __________
25. __________
30. __________
21. __________
26. __________
31. __________
22. __________
27. __________
 Exercise #11– Workbook Review Questions: Sedimentary Rocks
Directions:
3. Answer questions #32-44 on pages #50-52 in your workbook in the space provided below.
4. Remember to look back at the reading, your notes, and your ESRT.
32. ____________
37. ____________
42. ____________
33. ____________
38. ____________
43. ____________
34. ____________
39. ____________
44. ____________
35. ____________
40. ____________
36. ____________
41. ____________
 Exercise #12– Workbook Review Questions: Metamorphic Rocks
Directions:
5. Answer questions #45-53 on pages #54-55 in your workbook in the space provided below.
6. Remember to look back at the reading, your notes, and your ESRT.
45. ____________
48. ____________
51. ____________
46. ____________
49. ____________
52. ____________
47. ____________
50. ____________
53. ____________
 Exercise #13– Workbook Review Questions: Chapter Review Questions
Directions:
7. Answer questions #59-61 on pages #1-26 in your workbook in the space provided below.
8. Remember to look back at the reading, your notes, and your ESRT.
1. ____________
6. ____________
11. ____________
2. ____________
7. ____________
12. ____________
3. ____________
8. ____________
13. ____________
4. ____________
9. ____________
14. ____________
5. ____________
10. ____________
15. ____________
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16. ____________
20. ____________
24. ____________
17. ____________
21. ____________
25. ____________
18. ____________
22. ____________
26. ____________
19. ____________
23. ____________
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