Download Biosystems Mechanics and Engineering

BIOSYSTEMS MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE: 5692
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The Biosystems Mechanics and Engineering course is designed to teach basic physical science skills in relation to Agricultural
Engineering. In addition it provides for the development of general mechanical skills that are required in all areas of Agricultural
Education.
Typical instructional activities include hands-on experiences in developing research projects to examine ways to utilize agricultural
crops in unique ways, to include, the development of biofuels and other alternative energy sources and to discover new uses for
agricultural products. In addition, students will participate in personal and community leadership development activities, plan and
implement a relevant school-to-work transition experience, and participate in FFA activities.
This course is a component of the following Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Pathways:
 Agricultural Mechanics and Technology
 Biosystems Technology
OBJECTIVE:
Given the necessary equipment, supplies, and facilities, the student, upon completion of the prescribed number of
instructional hours, will be able to successfully complete the following core competencies.
Credit: 1 unit
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK:
Modern Agricultural Mechanics and Technology – Interstate
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Agricultural Mechanics – Prentice Hall
Agricultural Mechanics, Fundamentals and Applications – Thomson Delmar
Agricultural Mechanics and Technology, Lesson Plan Library – CAERT, Inc.
Physical Science Applications in Agriculture, Lesson Plan Library – CAERT, Inc.
FFA Student Handbook
Unit A:
Introduction to Agriculture Technology
Lesson 1: Career Opportunities in Agriculture
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. List and discuss careers in the field of agriculture.
2. Proper complete a job application.
3. Discuss the importance of a resume`.
4. Prepare a resume` for an entry level position in the field of agriculture.
5. Discuss preparation for a job interview.
UNIT B:
Developing Leadership Skills in Agriculture
Lesson 1. Exploring the History and Organization of FFA
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain how, when, and why the FFA was organized.
2 Explain the mission and strategies, colors, motto, parts of the emblem, and the organizational
structure of the FFA.
3. Recite and explain the meaning of the FFA Creed.
4. Explain the purpose of a Program of Activities and its committee structure.
Lesson 2. Discovering Opportunities in the FFA
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Describe how the FFA develops leadership skills, personal growth, and career success.
2. Identify major state and national activities available to FFA members.
Lesson 3. Determining FFA Degrees, Awards, and CDEs
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain the four FFA degree areas.
2. Identify the FFA proficiency awards.
3. Explain various team and individual Career Development Events.
Lesson 4. Understanding FFA Officer Duties and Responsibilities
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Describe the duties and responsibilities of chapter FFA officers.
2. Explain the proper dress and characteristics of a good FFA leader.
UNIT C
Supervised Experience in Agriculture
Lesson 1. Determining the Benefits of an SAE
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain the importance of goals and career ladders.
2. Define supervised agricultural experience.
3. Explain the benefits of supervised agricultural experience programs.
Lesson 2. Determining the Kinds of SAE
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain the difference between entrepreneurship and placement SAEs.
2. Describe research and experimentation SAEs and exploratory SAEs.
3. Explain the characteristics of a good SAE program and student responsibilities.
Lesson 3. Researching Possible SAE Programs
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify career interest areas in agriculture.
2. Identify skills needed for career success.
3. Explain opportunities for SAE programs.
Lesson 4. Planning Your SAE Program
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify the steps in planning an SAE Program.
2. Identify the parts of an annual SAE program plan.
3. Discuss the function of a training plan and /or agreement in an SAE program
Lesson 5. Implementing SAE Programs
Student Learning Objective: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Discuss the importance of keeping records on an SAE program.
2. Explain the types of financial records needed to support a chosen SAE program.
3. Identify standards to follow in keeping records on an SAE program.
Unit D:
Mechanization: A Product of Agricultural Research
Lesson 1: History of Agriculture Mechanization
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain the early development of Mechanical Technology in agriculture
2. Explain the importance of the internal combustion engine to agriculture
3. Discuss the advances in the design of agricultural structures and farm electrification.
4. Explain the concepts of precision farming and site specific crop management
Lesson 2: Science Principles: Foundation for Agricultural Research
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify the different areas of agricultural mechanics involved in research.
2. Identify the important physical science areas in agricultural mechanics.
3. Explain the early development of mechanical technology in agriculture.
Unit E:
Conducting Agricultural Engineering Research
Lesson 1: Designing and Conducting Agricultural Research
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Understand the importance of the scientific method.
2. Explain the steps in conducting research in agriculture
3. Explain the importance of controlled research.
Lesson 2: Reporting and Interpreting Agricultural Research
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify the major parts of a research report.
2. Explain the general guidelines for preparing a research report
3. Explain how to properly include tables and figures in a research report.
Lesson 3: Using Scientific Measurement
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Describe the systems of measurement used in our country.
2. Determine the metric prefixes and units used for measuring length, volume, weight, temperature and
area.
3. Convert numbers within the metric system.
4. Convert one system of units to another system of units.
Lesson 3: Uniform and Non-uniform / Linear and Nonlinear Relationships
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Understand the structure of a basic experiment.
2. Explain how to analyze a graph.
3. Explain the difference between linear and nonlinear relationships.
Lesson 4: Basic Scientific Laws applied to Agricultural Engineering
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain how Boyle’s Law relates to agricultural technology.
2. Explain how the law of Conservation and Energy relates to agricultural technology.
3. Explain Ohm’s law relates to agricultural technology.
4. Explain Pascal’s law and its relationship to agricultural technology.
Unit F:
Agricultural Mechanics Shop
Lesson 1: Identify hazards
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify the conditions necessary for combustion.
2. Identify the steps necessary to prevent fires in agricultural mechanics lab.
3. Identify the different classes of fires and different types of fire extinguishers.
4. Describe the proper use of fire extinguishers.
5. Identify the different types of burns that can occur.
Lesson 2: Using Personal Safety in an Agricultural Mechanics Shop
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify the steps in creating a safe working environment.
2. Identify what each safety color utilized in a Agricultural Mechanics shop means and where it is used.
3. Describe how to select appropriate protective clothing and devices for personal protection in an
Agricultural Mechanics shop.
Lesson 3: Planning and Designing Projects
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Read project plans and blueprints.
2. Draw project plans.
3. Develop a cutting list and a bill of materials
Lesson 4: Using Hand Tools
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify common hand tools used in an agricultural mechanics shop.
2. Identify safety practices used while using hand tools.
3. Identify and explain how to use layout tools.
4. Identify and explain how to use cutting, shaping and boring tools.
5. Identify and explain how to use holding and turning tools.
6. Identify how to use driving and wrecking tools.
Lesson 5: Using Power Tools
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify common power tools used in an agricultural mechanics shop.
2. Identify safety practices observed while using power tools.
3. Identify the various power sources used for power tools.
4. Demonstrate the proper method of using portable power tools.
5. Demonstrate the proper method of using stationary woodworking power tools.
Unit G:
Electrical Power
Lesson 1: Introducing Electricity and Electrical Safety
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain electricity and identify the kinds of electrical currents.
2. Identify how electrical service is provided
3. Define the terminology used in electrical work.
4. Identify and use safety practices that should be observed in doing electrical work.
Lesson 2: Exploring the Science of Electricity
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Relate electricity to the structure of elements and atoms.
2. Differentiate between conductors, insulators and semiconductors
3. Explain the conventional and electron theories of electrical current flow.
4. Describe how electricity can be generated by friction, heat, light, chemical reactions and magnetism.
5. Describe the difference between and applications of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)
electricity.
Lesson 3: Measuring and Calculating Electricity
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Safely measure voltage, amperage, resistance, watts, kilowatts and kilowatt-hours.
2. Use Ohm’s Law to solve circuit problems.
3. Describe the mathematical relationship between voltage, amperage and watts in AC circuits.
4. Determine the cost of using various electrical devices, knowing their wattage rating and the cost of
electricity.
Lesson 4: Identify Various Electrical Tools and Devises
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify and explain the use of service-entrance equipment and conduit.
2. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of circuit breakers and fuses.
3. Identify and explain the use of outlet and device boxes.
4. Identify and explain the use of lampholders, switches and controls.
5. Identify and explain the use of receptacles, wall plates and box covers.
6. Identify and explain the use of electrical equipment.
7. Properly use various electrical tools.
Lesson 5: Preparing and Using Schematics
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify and draw various symbols used in wiring diagrams or schematics.
2. Describe rules to follow in diagramming various circuits.
3. Draw and explain diagrams of circuits using keyless lampholders, pull-chain lampholders, duplex
receptacles and single-pole switches.
4. Draw and explain diagrams of circuits using lampholders with 3-way and 4-way switches.
5. Draw and explain diagrams of circuits using a combination single-pole and receptacle with a
lampholder and applications where receptacles are split for switching.
Unit H:
Internal Combustion Engines
Lesson 1: Principle Operation of an Internal Combustion Engine
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Define internal combustion engine and explain its principal parts.
2. Describe the four events of the internal combustion engine.
3. Explain the differences in operation of four-stroke and two stroke internal combustion engines.
4. Classify internal combustion engines.
Lesson 2: Identify Engine Systems and Their Components
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify the three broad categories of internal combustion engine systems.
2. Identify the components of the primary or compression system.
3. Describe the components of an engine’s operating system.
Lesson 3: Measuring Engine Components and Specifications
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify measuring and testing equipment for internal combustion engines.
2. Identify the specifications of and internal combustion engine.
3. Explain four major specifications to be checked on small engines.
Lesson 4: Lubricating Oils: Viscosity and Temperature
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Define friction and explain the types of friction that affect internal combustion engines.
2. Define viscosity as it relates to single and multi-viscosity lubricating oils.
3. Explain the effects of temperature on the viscosity of single and multi-viscosity oils.
4. Define synthetic oil and explain its advantages and disadvantages compared to petroleum-based oils.
Lesson 5: Mechanical Power Transmission
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Define force, torque, work, power and energy and explain their relationship to each other and
mechanical power transmission.
2. Determine the relationship between diameter and number of teeth on a gear or sprocket and the
speed and torque of the gear sprocket.
3. Apply the Law of Conservation of Energy to power, torque and speed relationships for mechanical
power transmission.
Lesson 6: Machine Performance Efficiency
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Define efficiency, performance efficiency, mechanical efficiency and field efficiency.
2. Identify theoretical field capacity and effective field capacity and the relationship between them.
3. Identify how efficiencies are determined and how efficiencies are used to size and select machinery
and equipment.
Unit I:
Alternative Energy
Lesson 1: Alternative Energy Sources
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Define solar power as an energy source.
2. Define wind power as an energy source
3. Define water power as an energy source.
4. Define biomass as an energy source.
5. Identify other alternative sources of energy.
Lesson 2: Generating an Electromotive Force
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Generate an electromotive force by means of chemicals, magnetism, heat and solar radiation.
2. Construct a primary cell and understand its function.
3. Explain the function of a voltmeter and construct a same type used in commercial voltmeters.
4. Properly connect a voltmeter to a circuit and measure voltage in a circuit.
Lesson 3: Design solar powered structure
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Construct a solar water heater
2. Determine the impact of piping design features (piping manifold materials, layout, diameter, flow
rate) on outlet temperature and thermal energy gained.
3. Determine the impact of structural design elements (box materials, insulation and painted surfaces)
on outlet temperature and thermal energy gained.
4. Develop and calculate a thermal energy balance.
Lesson 4: Fuel from Crops
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Explain the advantages of using fuels made from crops.
2. Describe the chemical nature of ethanol.
3. Explain what renewable resources are used to create biofuels and why they are good sources of
energy.
4. Explain the process involved in fermentation and how organisms obtain energy.
5. Produce ethanol.
Lesson 5: Working with acrylic – project of lab-scale reactors
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Properly measure, cut, tap, drill and weld Plexiglas sheets and cylinders to create lab-scale reactors.
2. Fabricate and operate lab-scale continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and plug flow reactors
(PFRs)
3. Determine impact of design features (baffles, turns, internal walls and aspect ratio) on mixing vs.
plug flow characteristics.
Lesson 6: Mechanical equipment for biomass feedstock pretreatment
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Identify common types of equipment for grinding, cutting, chopping of agricultural biomass.
Lesson 7: Mechanical equipment for liquid mixing, solids suspension
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Determine flow characteristics for impellers, airlift pumps and hydraulic mixing.
Lesson 8: Mechanical systems for aeration for aquaculture and bioprocessing
Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
objectives:
1. Determine aeration rate for paddlewheel aerators vs. compressed air aeration.