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HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter One: Worlds Apart Bering Strait Theory Hunter-gatherers Mayans Aztecs Tenochtitlan Hohokam Puebloan Chaco Canyon Cahokia Hundred Years War Renaissance Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Reconquista Protestants Ottomans (Ottoman Empire) Cabeza de Vaca Batolome de las Casas Columbian Exchange Black Death Treaty of Tordesillas Moctezuma Hernan Cortez Caribs & Tainos Hispanola Roanoke Martin Luther Reformation Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. Compare and contrast the roles and responsibilities of men and women in Native American, European, and West African societies. What were the major similarities and differences? How did Europeans misunderstand women’s roles in American Indian societies and what problems did this cause? What role did religion play in early European efforts at overseas colonization? Did religious factors always encourage colonization, or did they occasionally interfere with European expansion? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Two: Europe and Transplantation Samuel de Champlain New France Coureurs de bois Huron Indians Jesuits Keri Tekakwitha Indentured Servants Dutch East Indian Company Puritans Joint stock company Jamestown colony Captain John Smith House of Burgeses Powhatan Confederacy Pocahontas Tobacco Pilgrims Plymouth Colony Wampanoags Massasoit Massachusetts Bay Colony John Winthrop Pequot War Anne Hutchinson West Indies Slave Codes Quakers William Penn New York Roger Williams Opechancanough Proprietary Colony Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. Compare and contrast the social, economic, and cultural differences between the emerging colonial regions under administration of the French, British, and Dutch. How did various Indian nations deal with the invasion of their lands by Europeans? Emphasize the importance of trade, religious interaction, disease, and cultural misunderstanding. HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Three: Creation of Two Worlds Encomienda Repartimiento Rescate Beaver Wars Great League of Peace and Power Iroquois Franciscans Missions King Philip’s War Bacon’s Rebellion Pueblo Revolt Middle Passage creoles Stono Rebellion Baracoons Scots-Irish Anthony Johnson Redemptioner system Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Olaudah Equiano New England Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. Compare and contrast the relationships between Europeans and Indians from the late 1600s through the mid 1700s. How did the French, English, and British interact differently with Indian populations? Emphasize land, labor, religion and cultural conflict. Discuss the origins of slavery from 1600 to the mid 1750s. Start with the roots of the slave trade in West Africa, the Middle Passage, and the West Indies. How did slavery shape the Southern colonies? What were the dynamics of slave plantations and communities? Discuss the relationships between immigration and labor in the Americas. HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Four: Convergence and Conflict, 1660s - 1763 Mercantilism Enumerated products Age of Enlightenment John Locke Benjamin Franklin Halfway Covenant Great Awakening George Whitfield Jonathan Edwards New Lights Virtual and actual representation Spanish Florida New Spain French Louisiana Country (Real Whig) Ideology Grand Settlement of 1701 Treaty of Lancaster Albany Plan of Union French and Indian War Treaty of Paris Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. What religious and intellectual changes occurred in the British colonies between 1660 and 1763? In particular, what was the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, and how did they impact colonial society? Which changes had a greater influence upon colonial citizens? How did conflict between Europeans shape life in the colonies? In what ways did competition over trade and territory between Britain, France, and Spain impact colonial development? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Five: The Road the Revolution (Imperial Breakdown, 1763-1774) King George III Proclamation of 1763 Quartering Acts “Cherokee Wars” Pontiac’s Rebellion Currency Act Stamp Act Sugar Act Country Ideology Non-importation movement Patrick Henry Sons of Liberty Thomas Hutchinson Declaration of Rights and Grievances John Hancock Boston Massacre Committees of Correspondence Tea Act of 1773 Boston Tea Party Coercive Acts Quebec Act Intolerable Acts First Continental Congress Suffolk Resolves Townsend Duty Act Whigs & Tories Samuel Adams Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. How did Indian relations with British Colonists change after the French and Indian War? How did Colonists react to British changes in Indian Policy? How did British policies towards Colonists change after the French and Indian War? How did Colonists react to those changes? What new situations did Colonists face? How did the expectations and attitudes of the Crown and Colonists now differ? Discuss the philosophical differences between British Crown and Colonists regarding the role of government, taxation, and representation. How did these differences contribute to the Revolution? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Six: The War for America, 1774-1783 General Thomas Gage Committee of Safety Minute Men Prime Minister Lord North Battles of Lexington and Concord Second Continental Congress Continental Army Olive Branch Petition George Washington Thomas Payne & Common Sense Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence Republicanism Thayendanegea William and Richard Howe Battles of Trenton & Princeton Battle of Saratoga Valley Forge Sir Henry Clinton Battle of Charleston Lord Cornwallis Yorktown Peace of Paris Ladies Association of Philadelphia Contract Theory of Government Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. Why did the Colonists declare independence from the British Crown? Did all Colonists support revolution? Who did and did not? What was their vision of government and how did it differ from the British Parliamentary system? How did Republicanism differ from Monarchy? What were the strengths and weaknesses of each side when the war began? What were five main battles during the War? Why did the Americans win the war…and why did the British lose? What was the significance of the war for women, African Americans, and Native Americans? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Seven: The First Republic: 1776-1789 Suffrage Alexander Hamilton Bill of Rights Articles of Confederation Nationalists Robert Morris Tariff Shay’s Rebellion Treaty of Ft. Stanwix Treaty of Ft. McIntosh Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Separation of powers Alexander McGillivray James Madison Constitutional Convention Great Compromise Electoral College New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan Judicial review federalism Federalists and anti-Federalists The Federalist (Papers) Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. Why did the country face so many economic problems after the war ended? What were those problems? How did Americans try to solve problems of debt, tariffs, regional economies, currency, etc? Were they successful? Why? What were the main components of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of each. What were the central limitations of the U.S. Constitution and the early form of government in the U.S.? What people could and could not participate in the political process? From what socio-economic classes did most of the framers of the Constitution come from? What economic, political, and philosophical concerns did they have? Did the Constitution have widespread, popular support? Why? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Eight: A New Republic and the Rise of Political Parties, 1789-1800 New England Mid-Atlantic Region State’s Rights Slave south Free blacks Bill of Rights Judiciary Act of 1789 Alexander Hamilton Bank of the United States Federalists & Republicans French Revolution Miami Confederacy & Little Turtle Battle of Fallen Timbers & Treaty of Greenville Whiskey Rebellion Treaty of San Lorenzo Jay’s Treaty XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. Who were the Federalists and Republicans, and how did they view the role of the federal government and the meaning of liberty? How did the two first political parties form? Americans broke away from the British and supposedly created a new country based on liberty and equality, but what did the creation of this country mean for American Indians? How did they view the Revolution and the emergence of the United States? What were some of the main political, economic, and philosophical debates and conflicts facing the new country? How were some of these conflicts resolved? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Nine: Jeffersonian America, 1800-1824 Marbury v. Madison John Marshall Louisiana Purchase Louis and Clark Sacajewea Embargo Act Pan-Indian Resistance Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa Prophet’s Town William Henry Harrison War Hawks War of 1812 John Calhoun Henry Clay Treaty of Ghent Andrew Jackson Battle of New Orleans James Monroe Era of Good Feelings Economic Nationalism internal improvements Trans-Continental Treaty of 1819 Monroe Doctrine Missouri Compromise Daniel Webster Election of 1824 Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. How did American foreign relations with Spain, France, and Britain change between 1800 and 1824? What did these changes and growth indicate about the goals of Americans? How did American Indians deal with the growth of the United States? What were some important Indian nations and who their leaders? What strategies did they use to combat American expansion? Why were they successful of unsuccessful? Discuss the Era of Good Feelings. When was it, why did people call it this, and what changed in America? Did all people benefit equally? Why? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Ten: Race and Politics in Jacsksonian America, 1824-1845 Andrew Jackson Jacksonian Democrats Election of 1828 Second Great Awakening Evangelicalism John Tyler Bank War Nullification Spoils system Indian Removal Sequoyah Cherokee Nation James K. Polk Chief John Ross Trail of Tears Cherokee Nation v. Georgia Worcester v. Georgia Black Hawk’s War The Panic of 1837 Whig Party Abolition William Lloyd Garrison gag rule second party system Texas Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. During the Jacksonian Era, explain how voting rights were linked to white male citizenship. In this scenario, who was excluded? How was this justified in a country based on democracy, equality, and freedom? Discuss Jackson’s policy towards and treatment of Indians. How did Cherokee’s appeal to the American legal system to preserve their rights and independence? How did Georgia treat the Cherokee? What did the Indian Removal Act reveal about the views Americans had towards Indians? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Eleven: Slavery and the Old South, 1800-1860 Cash crops Plantations Gang system Lower and Upper South Chattel Slave codes House and field slaves Fictive kin Gabriel Prosser Denmark Vesey Nat Turner Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad free blacks black codes Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. Why did cotton production grow so rapidly in the Lower South? How did the cotton economy shape the economy of the South and the United States? How did cotton production contribute to western expansion? What were the social, cultural, religious, and labor characteristics of slaves on plantations? What was life like for them? How did slaves resist, rebel, and run away? Provide specific names of people and events. What was life like for white southerners? How did slave owners try to justify holding African Americans in bondage? How did non-slaveholding whites live? Did they benefit from the larger slave economy? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Twelve: Market Revolution and Social Reform, 1815-1850 Transportation revolution Eire Canal Urbanization Industrialization Immigration Eli Whitney American System of Manufacturing Temperance Cult of Domesticity Trade unions Nativist benevolent empire American Temperance Society American Colonization Society utopias Mormon Church transcendentalism American Anti-Slavery Society David Walker Angelina Grimke Seneca Falls Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony American Female Reform Society Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare for potential essay questions on the exam. How did American industry and manufacturing change during the mid 1800s? What was the significance of this expansion for cities and populations? What was the relationship between immigration, urbanization, and labor? In what industries did most immigrants work? How did race, ethnicity, religion, and language factor into immigration and the reactions of Americans to immigrants? Discuss the ways in which Americans tried to reform their society. What shortcomings did they see, and how did these problems arise? What were the major reform organizations and what tactics did they use to reform society? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Thirteen: The Way West Manifest Destiny Claims clubs Oregon Trail Indian Territory Stephen Long Sioux/Lakota/Dakota Fur Trade Fort Laramie Treaty Pueblos Tejanos Stephen F. Austin Empresarios General Santa Anna The Alamo Californios rancheros Santa Fe Trail Mormons James K. Polk U.S. Mexican War Gen. Zachary Taylor Gen. Winfield Scott Taos Revolt Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare you for potential essay questions on the exam. Why did Americans move westward between the 1825 and 1850? What was Manifest Destiny and how did Americans use the idea to try and justify conquest? Discuss 5 main events of westward expansion and explain their significance for people involved. Discuss the impact of Manifest Destiny and expansion on Native Americans in the Great Plains and Southwest. How did they react to these incursions into their lands? What is the standard explanation of Texas Independence and the U.S.-Mexico War? Analyze alternative perspectives on the Alamo and the causes of the U.S. Mexico-War. How have these events shaped life in the Borderlands? How have these different views influenced relationships between the two countries? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Fourteen: The Politics of Sectionalism and the Coming Civil War, 1846-1861 Wilmont Proviso Popular sovereignty Free Soil Party Gold Rush Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Frederick Douglass Harriet Beecher Stowe Republican Party Stephen Douglas Kansas Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott (decision) John Brown Lincoln-Douglas Debates sectionalism John Brown’s Raid (Harper’s Ferry) Abraham Lincoln Election of 1860 Secession Confederate States of America Ft. Sumter States Rights Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare you for potential essay questions on the exam. Discuss the growing political divisions in America between 1840 and 1860. Why did the political views of Southerners and Northerners change over time? What were their views on democracy, labor, slavery, and relations between the states and the federal government? List and discuss the main differences between the North and South that led to the Civil War. Analyze five main events that led to the growing gap (and eventually war) between the North and South. How could each side claim to represent American Democracy? HIST 1301: The United States to 1865 Dr. Jeffrey P. Shepherd Spring 2006 Chapter Study Guides How to Use This Guide These study guides highlight specific terms, words, ideas, events, people, etc., that are important for the course and the exams. Look for these terms while you are reading the text, and take notes about them. Some of the terms are extremely important and significant, but others are included simply to focus your reading and thoughts about American history. Many of these terms will appear on your exams. Chapter Fifteen: The Civil War, 1861-1865 Jefferson Davis Border states First Battle of Bull Run Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee Battle of Antietam Emancipation Proclamation 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Vicksburg Homestead Act New York Draft Riot Sherman’s March to the Sea Thirteenth Amendment Surrender at Appomattox John Wilkes Booth 14th and 15th Amendment Essay Topics These questions cover important large themes and issues in the chapter. These questions will also prepare you for potential essay questions on the exam. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South when the war began? How did these characteristics factor into how the war developed over time? Discus five main turning points during the war. What were the strategies and tactics of each side? Who were the main leaders and people involved with the war? What were the experiences of women, blacks, and Native Americans during the war? What were their perspectives and views on the war, and how did it impact them? What was the economic, political, social, cultural, and other impacts of the war? How did the Civil War change America?
