Download Gene Section DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
in Oncology and Haematology
OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL AT INIST-CNRS
Gene Section
Mini Review
DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator)
Michael J Spinella
Department of Pharmacology, Dartmouth Medical School, 7650 Remsen, Hanover NH 03755, USA (MJS)
Published in Atlas Database: April 2008
Online updated version: http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/DRAMID44093ch12q23.html
DOI: 10.4267/2042/44422
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence.
© 2009 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Expression
Identity
No expression data for endogenous DRAM is available
at the protein level.
Other names: FLJ11259
Location: 12q23.2
Local
order:
Cen-SYCP3-GNPTAB-DRAMLOC100129880-CCDC53-Tel.
Localisation
Overexpressed and tagged DRAM appears to localize
to the lysosome. Localization of endo-genous DRAM
has not been reported.
DNA/RNA
Function
Description
The major transcript is 3553 bp. An alternative, inframe spliced variant has been described that skips
exon 4 and exon 5. Significance of this transcript is not
known. DRAM mRNA is induced in a p53-dependent
manner after cellular or genotoxic stress. Two
alternative functional p53 consensus enhancer elements
have been described. DRAM is also induced by p73.
DRAM mRNA appears to be widely expressed in
various tissues and cell types. DRAM mRNA is
reported to be decreased in various tumor types
compared to normal tissue.
The precise function of DRAM is unknown. The first
paper reporting a biologic activity for DRAM was in
2006. There is strong evidence from multiple sources
that DRAM (FLJ11259) is a direct p53 target gene and
is induced in response to DNA damage. This includes
global p53-induced gene expression and global p53
ChIP-PET studies. DRAM is a mediator of autophagy
and is required for p53-induced apoptosis in response
to DNA damage. However, DRAM has minimal effects
alone on cell growth or apoptosis. DRAM mRNA is
downregulated in some tumors compared to normal.
Overall evidence suggests DRAM may be a tumor
suppressor downstream of p53. However, whether the
role of DRAM in autophagy is positive or negative and
whether DRAM mediates cell death or survival in
pathologic and physiologic settings may be complex
and context dependent.
Pseudogene
Homology
Chromosome 4 (LOC727709).
DRAM is highly conserved in higher metazoans
including C. elegans, Drosophila, and Zebrafish.
DRAM shares no homology with any proteins of
known function. DRAM has no known functional
domains. Human DRAM shares significant homology
with other 6 transmembrane proteins of unknown
function, including TMEM77, TMEM150 (TM6P1),
and FLJ12993. TM6P1 was cloned by subtractive
hybridization as induced in starved rat liver. Nutrient
The gene encompasses 46.3 Kb of DNA and contains 7
exons. All exons are coding with exon 1 and exon 7
containing additional noncoding sequences at their 5'
and 3' ends, respectively.
Transcription
Protein
Description
DRAM consists of 238 amino acids. It is predicted to
have 6 transmembrane regions. DRAM is a lysosomal
protein that is required for induction of autophagy by
the p53 pathway.
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2009; 13(3)
194
DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator)
Spinella MJ
Crighton D, Wilkinson S, O'Prey J, Syed N, Smith P, Harrison
PR, Gasco M, Garrone O, Crook T, Ryan KM. DRAM, a p53induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis. Cell.
2006 Jul 14;126(1):121-34
starvation is a major physiologic inducer of autophagy.
Mutations
Green DR, Chipuk JE. p53 and metabolism: Inside the TIGAR.
Cell. 2006 Jul 14;126(1):30-2
Note
Have not been described.
Autophagy
Wei CL, Wu Q, Vega VB, Chiu KP, Ng P, Zhang T, Shahab A,
Yong HC, Fu Y, Weng Z, Liu J, Zhao XD, Chew JL, Lee YL,
Kuznetsov VA, Sung WK, Miller LD, Lim B, Liu ET, Yu Q, Ng
HH, Ruan Y. A global map of p53 transcription-factor binding
sites in the human genome. Cell. 2006 Jan 13;124(1):207-19
Note
DRAM may be involved in diseases associated with
deregulation of autophagy. DRAM may link p53 and
cancer suppression/ treatment to autophagy.
Crighton D, O'Prey J, Bell HS, Ryan KM. p73 regulates DRAMindependent autophagy that does not contribute to
programmed cell death. Cell Death Differ. 2007
Jun;14(6):1071-9
References
Crighton D, Wilkinson S, Ryan KM. DRAM links autophagy to
p53 and programmed cell death. Autophagy. 2007 JanFeb;3(1):72-4
Implicated in
Zhang J, D'Ercole AJ, Underwood LE. Identification of a new
gene (rat TM6P1) encoding a fasting-inducible, integral
membrane protein with six transmembrane domains. Biochim
Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 21;1492(1):280-4
Kerley-Hamilton JS, Pike AM, Hutchinson JA, Freemantle SJ,
Spinella MJ. The direct p53 target gene, FLJ11259/DRAM, is a
member of a novel family of transmembrane proteins. Biochim
Biophys Acta. 2007 Apr;1769(4):209-19
Kerley-Hamilton JS, Pike AM, Li N, DiRenzo J, Spinella MJ. A
p53-dominant transcriptional response to cisplatin in testicular
germ cell tumor-derived human embryonal carcinoma.
Oncogene. 2005 Sep 8;24(40):6090-100
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2009; 13(3)
This article should be referenced as such:
Spinella MJ. DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator).
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2009; 13(3):194-195.
195