Download B 262, F 2006

BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006
IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1)
Date
Name
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each)
The samples below measured the density of field
1. Which of the following is NOT an
bindweed per m2 in areas periodically burned
assumption of scientific philosophy?
and areas not experiencing burning. The
a. Different events cannot have the same
hypothesis is that periodic burning will
general cause.
increase bindweed density.
b. Hypotheses cannot be proven True.
Table. Density per m2 quadrat samples of field bindweed
c. Sense experience consistently represents
(Convolvulus arvensis). P-value for comparison between
reality.
the samples from the two areas = 0.01
d. The universe is ordered.
Unburned area
9 11 5 21 10 13
e. None of the above. (None are assumptions)
2. Which of the following BEST explains
the distribution of terrestrial biomes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Light intensity and nutrients.
Light intensity and precipitation.
Light intensity and temperature.
Nutrients and temperature.
Precipitation and temperature
3. In an experimental study, the group that
receives the treatment and the outcome is
“known” assuming the procedure is
functioning correctly is the…
a.
b.
c.
d.
experimental group.
naturalistic group.
negative control group.
positive control group.
4. Which of the following describes the
interaction of a large bullfrog (Rana
catesbiana) eating a small bullfrog?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Interspecific amensalism.
Interspecific commensalism.
Interspecific predation.
Intrapecific amensalism.
Intrapecific commensalism.
Intraspecific predation.
5. Which of the following ponds should
have the greatest species richness?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Large, far from lake, high nutrients
Large, far from lake, moderate nutrients
Large, far from lake, low nutrients
Large, near lake, high nutrients
Large, near lake, moderate nutrients
Large, near lake, low nutrients
Small, far from lake, high nutrients
Small, far from lake, moderate nutrients
Small, far from lake, low nutrients
Small, near lake, high nutrients
Small, near lake, moderate nutrients
Small, near lake, low nutrients
Burned area
2
4 10 5 14 0
6. For these data and this hypothesis what
type of graph would be most appropriate?↑
a. Bar graph of means
b. Bar graph of samples
c. Histogram
d. Line Graph
e. Scatter Plot
7. For the study above which of the
↑
following is the treatment?
a. Burning.
b. Quadrat sampling.
c. Repeating the sampling.
d. The Field Bindweed.
e. None of the above.
8. The hypothesis is…
↑
a. rejected.
b. supported.
c. (this cannot be determined with these data)
9. If a population of 1000 is undergoing
exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic
rate of increase of 0.20, then what is the
size of the population after 2 years?
a. 200
b. 220
c. 1200
d. 1440
e. None of the above
10. Organisms with which of the following
characteristics could support the greatest
amount of harvest of individuals.
a. Early maturing, rapidly reproducing
b. Early maturing, slowly reproducing
c. Late maturing, rapidly reproducing
d. Late maturing, slowly reproducing
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following write the appropriate number(s), word(s), sketch(es),
or line(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%)
1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table
below for a cohort of frogs. (4%)
Mortality
Mortality
Age
Number
Rate
0
4000
1
500
2
100
3
50
3. What two factors most significantly limit
photosynthesis in aquatic environments?
(1%)
(1%)
This is a cross section of the ocean.
----
2. Hypothesis: The fish species Fundulus
diaphanus will be more dense in
shallow ponds than deeper ponds.
Data Based on Quadrat Samples
mean # F. diaphanus per m2 shallow = 8.25
mean # F. diaphanus per m2 deep = 2.53
P-value = 0.091
Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%)
4
5
Indicate the amounts of each of the two
limiting factors identified in number 3
above are in each of the two areas
identified by the arrows.
4.
(1%)
Explain why ↑. (1%)
5.
(1%)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately
and concisely as possible. (For indicated questions provide an example as well.) (20%, 4% each)
1. Amensalism:
2. Empriricism:
3. Plant Secondary Compounds:
4. Population:
5. P-Value:
Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006
IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2)
Date
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯ Address each question in as concise and lucid a
manner as possible. (50%)
1. A population of 200 elephants growing logistically has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of
0.02. The carrying capacity is 800. (a.) At what population size (in general for this
population, not necessarily referring to your specific calculations for this population in part
b) will this population be adding the greatest number of individuals per year? (b.)What
is the size of this population after one year? After two years? Generally show your
calculations. (10%)
2. Briefly provide an explanation for why it is wet at the equator and dry at 30° North and South
latitude. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a labeled sketch for your answer.) (10%)
3. (a.) Explain what is meant by the edge effect. (b.) The edge effect over the last 100 years has resulted
in a significant increase in numbers of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana) and a decrease in
numbers of pileated woodpecker (Drycopus pileatus) in eastern North America. What does this tell us
(generally) about the habitat needs of these two species? (10%)
4. A researcher examined effects of wave movement on species richness of organisms (algae and
small invertebrate animals) living on boulders along beaches in California. In this study small
boulders moved often, large ones seldom; when boulders rolled over attached individuals of
all species become damaged or dislodged, scraping an area of the boulder clean of organisms.
Measurement of species diversity in standard-sized areas, on various sized boulders was
undertaken. The hypothesis in this study is: large boulders will have the highest species
richness. (These data were taken from the following study, Sousa, W. 1979. Ecological Monographs 49: 227-254.)
(20%)
year of survey of
species richness
mean species richness,
small boulders
mean species richness,
medium-sized boulders
mean species richness,
large boulders
1975
1976
1977
1.7
1.9
1.4
3.3
4.3
3.6
2.5
3.5
3.2
a. Create an appropriately labeled graph that best depicts the data to address the hypothesis (4%).
b. Was the hypothesis supported or rejected and why? (You will not use P-values in this case to
make this determination.) (3%)
c. Explain what larger and generalizable hypothesis covered in this class is addressed by the
above study and if the above study is consistent or inconsistent with the larger hypothesis.
(3%)