Download BUILDING E-RESILIENCE

BUILDING E-RESILIENCE
THE ROLE OF ICTS IN DRM IN THE
PHI LIPPINES
Prepared for DOST-ICTO by: E. Alampay, A. Panao, and R. Rye
22 April 2015
OUTLINE
• Legal and policy Context
• Evolution of Philippine Disaster Framework
• Assessment of ICT Readiness
• Local Trends and Applications of ICT Systems in use
for DRM
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Disaster Prevention & Mitigation
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Response
Disaster Recovery
• Lessons and Recommendations
LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT
• Risk Reduction and Management as a Legal Duty
• The state has committed to “provide maximum care,
assistance, and services to individuals and families affected
by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects to
lessen the impact of disaster and facilitate the resumption
of normal social and economic activities.” Sec. 2 RA 10121
• Legal context of DRM in the Philippines
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Philippine Disaster Act of 2010 (RA 10121)
Climate Change Act of 2009
People’s Survival Fund Act
Risk Reduction and Preparedness Equipment Protection Act
EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE
DISASTER FRAMEWORK
PERIOD/Law
FOCUS/Contribution
Commonwealth
Preparedness for war/National
defense
Civil Defense Act
Preparedness for natural
calamities
PD 1566
An integrative approach
towards disaster policy
formulation; seen still as a
concern of National Defense
Climate Change Act 2009 &
adopts UN definition for disasters
& in turn, disaster risk reduction
•PDRRM
––– 2010
ADOPTION OF U.N. DEFINITION FOR
DISASTER
• “a serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic or environmental losses
and impacts which exceed the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its
own resources” (Sec. 3g of CC Act)
This definition expands the
notion of what disaster
countries should prepare for.
No longer limited to WAR or
NATURAL CALAMITIES
DEFINITION OF DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
• “the concept and
practice of reducing
disaster risks through
systematic efforts to
analyze and manage the
causal factors of disasters,
including through reduced
exposures to hazards,
lessened vulnerability of
people and property, wise
management of land and
the environment, and
improved preparedness
for adverse events.”
DRM LAWS & ICTS
Policy
Provides for
ICTs involved
RA 10121
multi-stakeholder participation in the development, (Philippine Disaster Act of updating, and sharing of a DRRM Information System 2010)
Database or information system
GIS -based national risk maps
a national early warning and emergency alert system to provide accurate and timely advice
digital & analog broadcast, cable,
satellite TV & radio, and wireless
and landline communications
RA 9729
R & D, database development, and information (Climate Change Act of dissemination
2009)
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database, new risk assessment
technology
communication infrastructure
Research, development, and promotion of technology - tools and technology relevant to
climate change
RA 10174
(People’ Survival
Act)
financing the development of forecasting and early - forecasting and early warning ICT
Fund warning systems
Punishes the theft, destruction, tampering, or illegal
RA 10344
selling (fencing) of equipment used in risk reduction
(Risk
Reduction
and
and prevention (e.g. aRQ)
Preparedness Equipment
Protection Act)
government
equipment
and
technology used in disaster reduction
and management (e.g. tsunami warning
and monitoring system).
BASED ON DRM LAWS :
THE FUNCTIONS OF ICT
• ICTs as critical infra for Data Repository
• Use information for other services
• Data storage; Back-up System
• ICTs as Infra for communication
• Delivery of information
• Means for education
• Warning the population
• ICTs as an enabling mechanism for Information
Systems
• Climate and DRR forecasting, mapping, modeling
• Early warning systems
ASSESSMENT OF E-RESILIENCE
• The concept of eResilience
• Resilience of functions
• Resilience of infrastructure (telecom, power, datacenters)
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State of ICT Infrastructure
Existing ICT activities relevant to DRR
Programs and initiatives that enhance DRR
Regional DRR systems
E-RESILIENCE
• Resilience - ‘ability to recover after a disaster as quickly
as possible’
• “the ability of a system, community, or society exposed
to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to, and
recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and
efficient manner, including through the preservation and
restoration of its essential basic structures and functions”
(UNISDR 2009, 24).
• E-Resilience - ICTs role in DRM. Addresses not only
software, and hardware, but also the communication
aspect, and its ability to operate and recover during
and after disasters
E-RESILIENCY :
FUNCTION & STRUCTURE
• Addressing Vulnerability of infrastructures
• Location (e.g. locating data centers in ‘safe’ and hazard safe
areas; providing back-up for data, for communication, for
power)
• Environmental (e.g. updating building standards)
• Limitations in design (e.g. building codes; frequency standards;
information architecture)
• Network Security (e.g. physical security (e.g. terrorist attacks;
bombs))
• Addressing Vulnerability of Function
• People (e.g. capacity building to access and use ICTs)
• Interoperability (e.g. est. standards to make systems
interoperable)
• Security –(e.g. use policies (organizational policies for
controlling access to various databases); cyber security from
online attacks)
BUILDING BLOCKS OF EGOVERNMENT
(SOURCE: E-GOVERNMENT MASTERPLAN)
FOR EXAMPLE: SCHEMA FOR DATA
SHARING
Ex. Data Maps - Reports
Raw Data
Gathering
A SCHEME FOR DATA SHARING
Access and Use
Data Analysis
Capacity for Analysis
Download to Users
User
System for Research
Driven Policies
• A Central
clearinghouse for
government data
• Ease of
upload/download
of data
• Pay-per-use policy
• Rules for data use
Raw Data
Gathering
Source: David (2012) as cited in Climate Change
Commission- Philippines (2013: 30)
STATE OF ICT STRUCTURES
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Access to basic ICT services
Broadband access
Cable Landings
Domestic Networks
eGov Infrastructure
ACCESS TO ICTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
(2000-2013)
120.00
100.00
80.00
fixed telephone per 100
mobile/cellular per 100
60.00
fixed (wired) broadband per 100
% individuals using internet
40.00
20.00
0.00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
STATE OF BROADBAND ACCESS
(SOURCE: BROADBAND COMMISSION)
Internet Access Indicator
Percentage
Access to fixed Broadband
2.6
Access to wireless broadband
20.3
Households with Internet
22.9
Individual Access to the Internet
37.0
CABLE LANDINGS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
These include the Asia
Pacific Cable Network
(APCN, APCN-2, C2C, East
Asia Crossing, Tata Global
Network- Intra Asia , AsiaAmerican Gateway (AAG)
and Guam-Philippines (G-P),
South-East Asia - Middle East
- Western Europe 3 (SEA-MEWE 3) distributed in five
cable landing stations in
Batangas, Ballesteros,
Capepisa, La Union and
Nasugbu
DOMESTIC NETWORKS
Two (2) large domestic undersea cable systems forms
a ring around the country:
• Digital Transmission Network(NDTN)
• Domestic Fibre Optic Network (DFON)
Government Systems
• National Backbone Infrastructure (For its Municipal
Telephone Program)
• PREGINET
• Satellite communications (Mabuhay)
EGOV INFRASTRUCTURE
• iGovPhil
• Fiber optic network (FON)- that will connect government
agencies to a central data center
• Government Cloud
• Government Web Hosting Service
• TV White Space
• used in trials in areas hit by Typhoon Haiayan , such as Leyte
Province, and in Bohol, which was hit by an earthquake in
2013. Government and NGOs were able to provide internet
access during relief operations.
• Integrated system digital broadcast TV
• aligned with planned digital TV migration and reception of
early warning broadcast system (EWBS) during a disaster
• Revised Building Code Standards related to ICT
Infrastructure
FUNCTIONS:
EXAMPLES OF ICT SYSTEMS IN USE FOR DRM
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ICTs for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation
ICTs for Disaster Preparedness
ICTs for Disaster Response
ICTs for Disaster Recovery
DISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION
• Project NOAH
• Advanced Remote Data Acquisition Units (arQ)
• Hazard Mapping
• Nababaha.com
• Philvocs
• PhilVocs Programs
• Information portals
DISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION
• PROJECT NOAH (Nationwide Operational
Assessment of Hazards) :
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Hydromet Sensors Development
DREAM-LIDAR 3-D mapping Project
Flood NET- Flood Modeling Project
Hazards Information Media
Enhancing Geo-Hazards Mapping through LIDAR
Doppler System Development
Landslide Sensors Development Project
Storm Surge Inundation Mapping Project.
Weather Information – Integration for System Enhancement
(WISE)
PROJECT NOAH
FLOOD HAZARD MAP
(SOURCE: NABABAHA.COM)
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
• OCD’s Disaster Information for National Awareness
(Project DINA)
• PAGASA’s Weather Forecasting Systems
• Rainfall Warning
• Thunderstorm Warning
• Early Warning and Monitoring for Flood
• National cellphone broadcast system
PROJECT DINA
WEATHER FORECASTING
WEATHER FORECASTING
Example:
National Cell
Broadcast
System
DISASTER RESPONSE
• NDRRMC’s Intelligent Operations Center (IOC)
• Government Emergency Communication Program
• Resilient Networks and Reconfigurable IS for Rapidly
Deployable Disaster Response
• NDRMO National Text Blast System
• eBayanihan Project
• “Batingaw” Mobile App
DISASTER RECOVERY
• Faith
• eMPATHY
• Igov Phil
FOREIGN AID TRANSPARENCY HUB
EMPATHY
EMPATHY
LESSONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
• Actual Philippine disaster risk reduction and
management plan does not reflect the integrative
characteristic of the UNISDR definition
• Currently biased towards natural and climate related disasters
• Capacities and systems need to be developed for other types
of disasters (e.g. conflict, health, terrorism, financial)
• Philippine disaster framework poses an additional
enforcement challenge
• There’s already many laws and regulations in place to set
standards and safeguards to minimize or avert damages due
to disasters even prior to the CC Act and DRR Law.
• Need to rationalize all plans and examine the mandates of the
responsible agencies to ensure that programs converge and
synchronize in accordance with legislative intent and with the
overall agenda for national development.
LESSONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
• 3. The Philippine Development Plan and the NDRRMP still
see vulnerability as largely pertaining to natural hazards
• A more expansive definition of vulnerabilities is needed
• Requires revisiting what makes e-Government Systems more
resilient by viewing it in terms of Functional and Infrastructural
needs. In particular:
• Degree of resiliency is dependent on the degree pro-activeness in
addressing Critical Information Infrastructure protection – beyond
weather (e.g. power, terrorism, cyber security). This would also
entail
• Development of government continuity plans
• Provision of redundancies in telecommunication, power, and data
repositories
• Revisiting infra and information standards
• In Systems Functions (system cyber security)
• Develop system back-up (for all levels of government)
• Cyber security teams
SOURCES
• DOST
• DOST-ICTO (2014) “Use of ICT on Disaster Management” 1st Joint
workshop PPT presented, Mya 19, 2014 at EDSA Shangrila-Hotel
• Canillo, R. (2013) ICT for Disaster Risk Management. Workshop o ICT
for Disaster Risk Mnaagment, Dec 11-12, 2013 at the Rembrandt
Hotel, QC
• Pagasa website
• Office of Civil Defense Information Briefing on OCD Related ICT
Activities
• Nababaha.com
• Poster from: http://pixshark.com/disaster-preparedness-andmanagement-poster.htm