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LECTURE 11 PARTICLE PHENOMENOLOGY, PARTICLES AND QUANTUM NUMBERS PHY492 Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics Elementary Particles February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 2 Elementary Particles February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 3 Fermions Leptons : elementary particles in the standard model All have spin = 1/2 February 3, 2014 Quarks : strongly interacting particles fundamental constituents of matter, but cannot be detected directly All have spin = 1/2 11 PHY492, Lecture 4 Bosons Higgs? Mass = 125 GeV/c2 Electric charge = 0 Bosons : Responsible for the manifestation of forces, All have integer spin, Higgs, if it exists, plays a special role in mass generation February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 5 Particle Interactions February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 6 Elementary Particles Higgs February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 7 Particle Interactions February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 8 Basic reference Particle Physics: http://pdg.lbl.gov Particle data (mass, charge, etc) summary detail Reviews and tools/Formulae February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 9 Unsolved Mysteries February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 10 Quantum Numbers: Bosons Par$cle Charge Spin T3 Photon 0 1 -‐ W+ +1 1 +1 W-‐ -‐1 1 -‐1 Z0 0 1 -‐ Gluon 0 1 0 Higgs 0 0 0 These are a bit complicated. T3 = 3rd component of weak isospin (or, colloquially, just isospin) February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 11 Quantum Numbers: Leptons Par$cle Charge Spin Le Lµ Lτ T3 Electron -‐1 ½ +1 0 0 -‐½ Muon -‐1 ½ 0 +1 0 -‐½ Tau -‐1 ½ 0 0 +1 -‐½ Electron Neutrino 0 ½ +1 0 0 +½ Muon Neutrino 0 ½ 0 +1 0 +½ Tau Neutrino 0 ½ 0 0 +1 +½ Le Lµ Lτ T3 An$-‐Par$cle Charge Spin AnX-‐Electron +1 ½ -‐1 0 0 +½ AnX-‐Muon +1 ½ 0 -‐1 0 +½ AnX-‐Tau +1 ½ 0 0 -‐1 +½ Electron AnX-‐Neutrino 0 ½ -‐1 0 0 -‐½ Muon AnX-‐Neutrino 0 ½ 0 -‐1 0 -‐½ Tau AnX-‐Neutrino 0 ½ 0 0 -‐1 -‐½ February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 12 Quantum Numbers: Quarks Par$cle Charge Spin B C S Top Be T3 I3 Up +2/3 ½ +1/3 0 0 0 0 +½ +½ Down -‐1/3 ½ +1/3 0 0 0 0 -‐½ -‐½ Charm +2/3 ½ +1/3 +1 0 0 0 +½ +½ Strange -‐1/3 ½ +1/3 0 -‐1 0 0 -‐½ -‐½ Top +2/3 ½ +1/3 0 0 +1 0 +½ +½ Bo_om -‐1/3 ½ +1/3 0 0 0 -‐1 -‐½ -‐½ B C S Top Be T3 I3 An$-‐Par$cle Charge Spin AnX-‐Up -‐2/3 ½ -‐1/3 0 0 0 0 -‐½ -‐½ AnX-‐Down +1/3 ½ -‐1/3 0 0 0 0 +½ +½ AnX-‐Charm -‐2/3 ½ -‐1/3 -‐1 0 0 0 -‐½ -‐½ AnX-‐Strange +1/3 ½ -‐1/3 0 +1 0 0 +½ +½ AnX-‐Top -‐2/3 ½ -‐1/3 0 0 -‐1 0 -‐½ -‐½ AnX-‐Bo_om +1/3 ½ -‐1/3 0 0 0 +1 +½ +½ February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 13 Quantum Number Examples e+ e-‐ → e+ e-‐ IniXal State: Le = 0, S = 1, Q=0, T3=0 Propagator: S = 1, Q=0, T3=0 Final State: Le = 0, S = 1, Q=0, T3=0 IniXal State: S = 0, Q=0, T3=0 Propagator: S = 0, Q=0, T3=0 Final State: Le = 0, S = 0, Q=0, T3=0 February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 14 Quantum Number Examples (2) February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 15 Hadrons: Baryons February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 16 Hadrons: Mesons February 3, 2014 PHY492, Lecture 11 17
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