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vi Abbreviations and Acronyms ACP AfT AGOA APEC APTA APTIAD ARTNeT ASEAN AvW African, Caribbean and Pacific Aid for Trade Africa Growth and Opportunity Act Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Agreement Database Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade Association of Southeast Asian Nations Anderson and van Wincoop model CEPII CEPR CES CVD Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales Center for Economic Policy Research constant elasticity of substitution countervailing duties DDA DFQF Doha Development Agenda duty free quota free EIF EU Enhanced Integrated Framework European Union FTA free trade agreement G20 GATT GATS GDP GSP GSTP GTA Group of 20 General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs General Agreement on Trade in Services gross domestic product Generalized System of Preferences Generalized System of Trade Preferences Global Trade Alerts IF IMF IPoA ITC Integrated Framework International Monetary Fund Istanbul Programme of Action International Trade Center LDCs LDC-IV LLDC least developed countries Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries landlocked developing countries MDG MDG-8 MERCOSUR MFN MSG MTS Millennium Development Goal Goal 8 -Developing a Global Partnership for Development Mercado Común del Sur most-favored-nation Melanesian Spearhead Group multilateral trading system vii MOP MR margin of preference multilateral resistance NAFTA NGOs North-American Free Trade Agreement non-governmental organizations OLS ordinary least squares PACER PICTA PTAs Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement preferential trade agreements ROO RTAs rules of origin regional trade agreements SAFTA S&D SIDS South-Asian Free Trade Area special and differential small island developing states TBT technical barriers to trade UN UNCTAD UNCTADSTAT United Nations United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development official database United Nations Development Programme United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific UNDP UNESCAP WEO WITS WTO World Economic Outlook World Integrated Trade Solution World Trade Organization