Download Exam 2 Short Answers Ch 4-8.doc

Biology 1406 Professor Salazar
Bio 1 Test 2
Name ____________________Date ___________________
Short Answer (Each answer = 4 pts)
1. The movement of molecules across a cell membrane in which no energy is required (i.e.
diffusion) is called ______________ transport and the movement of molecules across the
membrane in which energy (i.e. ATP) is required is called ______________ transport.
2. Compare and contrast:
a. Facilitated diffusion/active transport
b. Osmosis/simple diffusion
3. Distinguish between the three types of endocytosis.
4. In plant cells, _____________ allow for communication between cells and in animal cells
the ______________ serve the same purpose.
5. In _______________, membranes of adjacent cells are held together by proteins and
carbohydrates, much like glue.
6. In plant cells, ______________ allow for communication between cells and in animal
cells the _______________ serve the same purpose.
7. ________________ are biological catalysts.
8. Normally an enzyme has maximal enzyme activity at 37°C, but once it has been heated to
100°C and then cooled back down to 37°C the enzyme is no longer active. Why?
9. What is the role of the green pigment chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
10. In the process of photosynthesis, ______________ and _____________ are required
from the light dependent reactions to completely reduce carbon dioxide to glucose in the Calvin
cycle.
11. During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the synthesis of
______________ is coupled to the diffusion of protons.
12. The _________________ is composed of a light-harvesting complex and an electron
transport system.
13. Why is no glucose produced if a plant is kept for long periods in the dark, even though
the sugar producing reactions are called light-independent?
14. Is glucose a direct product of the Calvin-Benson cycle reactions?
15. Photosystem II generates ____________ and Photosystem I generates
_____________, both of which are required by the light-dependent reactions.
16. How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions related to one another?
17. In C3 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplasts of _____________ cells, but in C4
plants the cycle occurs in the ______________ cells.
18. Many plants have evolved leaves that have adjustable pores, called ______________,
which allow for gas exchange and water loss.
19. Why does photorespiration reduce photosynthesis efficiency?
20. What is photorespiration? Describe how C4 plants have evolved the ability to reduce
photorespiration.
21. Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation?
22. _______________ is the only stage in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen
to proceed.
23. Two possible end products of fermentation are _______________ as is produced by our
muscle cell under anaerobic conditions and ________________ by yeast under anaerobic
conditions.
24. Chemiosmosis links a hydrogen gradient to the production of ATP. True or False?
25. Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is generated in the _____________
after the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP-synthesizing proteins in the inner
membrane of the mitochondrion.