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B GA 824 N 6
BDTIC
Te mpa rat ure
Va ri ation
of
high Linea rit y Low N ois e A m pifier for
Glo bal N avi gati on Sat ellite S ys te ms
(G N S S )
Applic atio n N ote A N 325
Revision: Rev.1.0
2013-03-05
RF and P r otecti on D evic es
www.BDTIC.com/infineon
BDTIC
Edition 2013-03-05
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2013 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
Legal Disclaimer
The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or
characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any
information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all
warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual
property rights of any third party.
Information
For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest
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BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Note AN325
Revision History: 2013-03-05
Previous Revision: None
Page
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
BDTIC
Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG
AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™,
CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™,
EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™,
ISOFACE™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™,
POWERCODE™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™,
ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™,
TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™.
Other Trademarks
Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™,
PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by
AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum.
COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™
of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium.
HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™
of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS
Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of
Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems
Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc.
SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software
Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc.
TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™
of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™
of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited.
Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
3 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
Table of Content
1
Introduction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ........................................................ 5
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
BGA824N6 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 8
Features ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Key Applications of BGA824N6 ........................................................................................................... 8
Description ........................................................................................................................................... 8
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Application Circuit and Performance Overview ............................................................................ 10
Summary of Measurement Results .................................................................................................... 10
Summary BGA824N6 as 1550-1615 MHz LNA for GNSS................................................................. 13
Schematics and Bill-of-Materials ........................................................................................................ 14
4
Measurement Graphs ...................................................................................................................... 15
5
6
BDTIC
Evaluation Board and Layout Information .................................................................................... 22
Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 24
List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
BGA824N6 TSNP-6-2 leadless Package size ..................................................................................... 6
BGA824N6 in TSNP-6-2 ...................................................................................................................... 8
Equivalent Circuit of BGA824N6 .......................................................................................................... 9
Package and pin connections of BGA824N6 ....................................................................................... 9
Schematics of the BGA824N6 Application Circuit ............................................................................. 14
Power gain of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .............................. 15
Narrowband power gain of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .......... 15
Noise figure of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................. 16
Input matching of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ......................... 16
Input matching smith chart for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ............................. 17
Output matching of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ...................... 17
Output matching smith chart for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands .......................... 18
Reverse isolation of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands ..................... 18
Stability factor k of BGA824N6 upto 10GHz ...................................................................................... 19
Stability factor µ1 of BGA824N6 upto 10GHz .................................................................................... 19
Stability factor µ2 of BGA824N6 upto 10GHz .................................................................................... 20
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA824N6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS
and GLONASS bands ........................................................................................................................ 20
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA824N6 for GPS band at Vcc=2.8V .............................. 21
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA824N6 for GLONASS band at Vcc=2.8V .................... 21
Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (overview) <PCB Marking Myymmdd Rev. x.x> ......................... 22
Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (detailed view) ............................................................................. 22
PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 23
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Pin Assignment of BGA824N6 ............................................................................................................. 9
Pin Assignment of BGA824N6 ............................................................................................................. 9
Electrical Characteristics for COMPASS/Galileo at Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V ........................................... 10
Electrical Characteristics for GPS at Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V .................................................................. 11
Electrical Characteristics for GLONASS at Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V ........................................................ 12
Bill-of-Materials................................................................................................................................... 14
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
4 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
1
Introduction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
The BGA824N6 is a front-end Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) application. It is based on Infineon Technologies’ B7HF Silicon-Germanium
(SiGe) technology, enabling a cost-effective solution in a TSNP-6-2 leadless package with
ultra low noise figure, high linearity, low current consumption and high gain, over a wide
range of supply voltages from 1.5 V up to 3.6 V. All these features make BGA824N6 an
excellent choice for GNSS LNA as it improves sensitivity, provide greater immunity against
out-of-band jammer signals, reduces filtering requirement and hence the overall cost of the
BDTIC
GNSS receiver.
The GNSS satellites are at an orbit altitude of more than 20,000 km away from earth’s
surface and transmit power in the range of +47 dBm. After taking losses (atmospheric,
antenna etc.) into account, the received signal strength at the GNSS device input is very low
in the range of -130 dBm. The ability of the GNSS device to receive such low signal strength
and provide meaningful information to the end-user depends strongly on the noise figure of
the GNSS receives chain. This ability which is called receiver sensitivity can be improved by
using a low-noise amplifier with low noise figure and high gain at the input of the receiver
chain. The improved sensitivity results in a shorter Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF), which is the
time required for a GNSS receiver to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and
calculate a position. Noise figure of the LNA defines the overall noise figure of the GNSS
receiver system. This is where BGA824N6 excels by providing noise figure as low as 0.55 dB
and high gain of 17 dB, thereby improving the receiver sensitivity significantly.
The ever growing demand to integrate more and more functionality into one device leads to
many challenges when transmitter/receiver has to work simultaneously without degrading the
performance of each other. In today’s smart-phones a GNSS receiver simultaneously coexists with transceivers in the GSM/EDGE/UMTS/LTE bands. These 3G/4G transceivers
transmit high power in the range of +24 dBm which due to insufficient isolation couple to the
GNSS receiver. The cellular signals can mix to produce Intermodulation products exactly in
the GNSS receiver frequency band. For example, GSM 1712.7 MHz mixes with UMTS 1850
MHz to produce third-order-product exactly at GPS. To quantify the effect, BGA824N6 shows
out-of-band input IP3 at GPS of +7 dBm as a result of frequency mixing between GSM
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
5 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
1712.7 MHz and UMTS 1850 MHz with power levels of -20 dBm. Due t this high out-of-band
input 3rd order intercept point (IIP3), BGA824N6 is especially suitable for the GPS function in
mobile phones.
BDTIC
Figure 1
BGA824N6 TSNP-6-2 leadless Package size
As the industry inclines toward assembly miniaturization and also surface mount technology
matures, there is a desire to have smaller and thinner components. This is especially the
case with portable electronics where higher circuit density allows device design flexibility and
also optimum use of the limited space available. BGA824N6 has a small package with
dimensions of 0.70mm x 1.1mm x 0.375mm and it requires only one external component at
its input, the inductor providing input matching. The DC block at input is optional as it is
usually provided by the pre-filter before the LNA in many GPS applications. All the
device/phone manufacturers implement very good power supply filtering on their boards so
that the RF bypass capacitor mentioned in this application circuit may not be needed in the
end. The minimal number of external SMD components reduces the application bill of
materials, assembly complexity and the PCB area thus making it an ideal solution for
compact and cost-effective GNSS LNA. The output of the BGA824N6 is internally matched to
50 Ω, and a DC blocking capacitor is integrated on-chip, thus no external component is
required at the output
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
6 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Introduction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
The device also integrates an on-chip ESD protection which can resist until 2 kV (referenced
to Human Body Model) in all pins. The integrated power on/off feature provides for low power
consumption and increased stand-by time for GNSS handsets. Moreover, the low current
consumption (3.8 mA) makes the device suitable for portable technology like GNSS receivers
and mobiles phones.
The Internal circuit diagram of the BGA824N6 is presented in Figure 3. Table 1 show the pin
assignment of BGA824N6. Table 2 shows the truth table to turn on/off BGA824N6 by
BDTIC
applying different voltage to the PON pin.
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
7 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
BGA824N6 Overview
2
BGA824N6 Overview
2.1
Features














High insertion power gain: 17.0 dB
Out-of-band input 3rd order intercept point: +7 dBm
Input 1 dB compression point: -6 dBm
Low noise figure: 0.55 dB
Low current consumption: 3.8 mA
Operating frequencies: 1550 - 1615 MHz
Supply voltage: 1.5 V to 3.6 V
Digital on/off switch (1V logic high level)
Ultra small TSNP-6-2 leadless package
(footprint: 0.7 x 1.1 mm2)
B7HF Silicon Germanium technology
RF output internally matched to 50 Ω
Only 1 external SMD component necessary
2kV HBM ESD protection (including AI-pin)
Pb-free (RoHS compliant) package
BDTIC
2.2
Figure 2
BGA824N6 in TSNP-6-2
Key Applications of BGA824N6
 Ideal for all Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) like
 GPS (Global Positioning System) working in the L1 band at 1575.42 MHz
 GLONASS (Russian GNSS) working in the L1 band from 1598.06 MHz to 1605.38 MHz
 Galileo (European GNSS) working in the E2-L1-E1 band from 1559 MHz to 1592 MHz
 COMPASS (Chinese Beidou Navigation System) working in E2 band at 1561.10 MHz
and E1 band at 1589.74 MHz
2.3
Description
The BGA824N6 is a front-end low noise amplifier for Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS) from 1550 MHz to 1615 MHz like GPS, GLONASS, Beidou, Galileo and others. The
LNA provides 17.0 dB gain and 0.55 dB noise figure at a current consumption of 3.8 mA in
the application configuration described in Chapter 3. The BGA824N6 is based upon Infineon
Technologies B7HF Silicon Germanium technology. It operates from 1.5 V to 3.6 V supply
voltage.
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
8 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
BGA824N6 Overview
BDTIC
Figure 3
Equivalent Circuit of BGA824N6
3
4
2
5
1
6
Bottom View
Figure 4
Table 1
Top View
Package and pin connections of BGA824N6
Pin Assignment of BGA824N6
Pin No.
Symbol
Function
1
GND
Ground
VCC
DC supply
AO
LNA output
4
GND
Ground
5
AI
LNA input
6
PON
Power on control
2
3
Table 2
LNA
Mode
Pin Assignment of BGA824N6
Symbol
ON/OFF Control Voltage at PON pin
Min
Max
ON
PON, on
1.0 V
VCC
OFF
PON, off
0V
0.4 V
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
9 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Circuit and Performance Overview
3
Application Circuit and Performance Overview
Device:
Application:
BGA824N6
Temparature Variation of high-Linearity Low Noise Ampifier for
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
PCB Marking: BGA824N6
3.1
Summary of Measurement Results
BDTIC
Table 3
Electrical Characteristics for COMPASS/Galileo at Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
Comment/Test
Condition
Frequency
Range
Freq
1559-1593
MHz
DC Voltage
Vcc
2.8
V
Temparature
T
-40
-15
0
25
85
°C
DC Current
Icc
4.1
4.1
4
3.9
3.7
mA
Gain
G
18
17.7
17.5
17.2
16.2
dB
Noise Figure
NF
0.4
0.47
0.52
0.59
0.88
dB
Input Return
Loss
RLin
14.5
14.2
14
13.6
12
dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout
26.4
25.1
24.3
23.6
23
dB
Reverse
Isolation
IRev
23.1
23.1
23.2
23.2
23.2
dB
Input P1dB
IP1dB
-7.3
-7.2
-7.2
-7.2
-7.1
dBm fgalileo = 1559 MHz
Output P1dB
OP1dB
10.7
10.4
10.3
10
9.3
dBm
Input IP3
In-band
IIP3
3.3
3
2.7
1.6
0.1
dBm
17.3
f1gal = 1559 MHz
dBm f2gal = 1560MHz
Input power= -30dBm
Output IP3
In-band
OIP3
Stability
k
21.1
20.7
20.2
>1
19.8
--
PCB and SMA losses
0.05dB are substracted
Unconditionnally Stable
from 0 to 10GHz
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
10 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Circuit and Performance Overview
Table 4
Electrical Characteristics for GPS at Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
Comment/Test
Condition
Frequency
Range
Freq
1575.42
MHz
DC Voltage
Vcc
2.8
V
Temparature
T
-40
-15
0
25
85
°C
DC Current
Icc
4.1
4.1
4
3.9
3.7
mA
Gain
G
17.9
17.6
17.4
17
16
dB
Noise Figure
NF
0.43
0.48
0.52
0.59
0.87
dB
Input Return
Loss
RLin
15.5
15.1
14.9
14.5
12.7
dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout
21.8
21.1
20.5
20
19.7
dB
Reverse
Isolation
IRev
23
23.1
23.1
23.2
23.2
dB
Input P1dB
IP1dB
-7.2
-7.1
-7.1
-7.1
-7
dBm fgalileo = 1575.42 MHz
Output P1dB
OP1dB
10.6
10.4
10.3
10.1
9.3
dBm
Input IP3
In-band
IIP3
3.7
3.4
3.1
2
0.5
dBm
Output IP3
In-band
OIP3
21.6
21
20.4
19
16.5
f1gps = 1575 MHz
dBm f2gps = 1576MHz
Input power= -30dBm
LTE band-13
nd
2 Harmonic
H2 – input
referred
DC Voltage
PCB and SMA losses
0.05dB are substracted
BDTIC
Input IP3
out-of-band
IIP3OOB
fIN = 787.76 MHz
dBm PIN = -25 dBm
fH2 = 1575.52 MHz
-28.2
11.3
10.7
10.1
8.2
Output IM2
Out-of-band
IM2
-36.6
Output IM2
Out-of-band
IM2
-35.9
Stability
k
>1
5.9
f1 = 1712.7 MHz
f2 = 1850 MHz
dBm
Input power = -20dBm
fIIP3 = 1575.4 MHz
f1 = 827 MHz ,
PIN1 = -28 dBm
dBm
f2 = 2402 MHz,
PIN2 = -28 dBm
f1 = 897 MHz ,
PIN1 = -28 dBm
dBm f2 = 2472 MHz,
PIN2 = -28 dBm
--
Unconditionnally Stable
from 0 to 10GHz
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
11 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Circuit and Performance Overview
Table 5
Electrical Characteristics for GLONASS at Vcc = Vpon = 2.8 V
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
Frequency
Range
Freq
1598-1606
MHz
DC Voltage
Vcc
2.8
V
Temparature
T
-40
-15
0
25
85
°C
DC Current
Icc
4.1
4.1
4
3.9
3.7
mA
Gain
G
17.7
17.4
17.2
16.9
15.9
dB
Comment/Test
Condition
BDTIC
PCB and SMA losses
0.05dB are substracted
Noise Figure
NF
0.42
0.47
0.53
0.61
0.9
dB
Input Return
Loss
RLin
16.9
16.5
16.3
15.9
13.9
dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout
17.1
16.7
16.3
16
15.7
dB
Reverse
Isolation
IRev
-23
-23.1
-23.1
-23.1
-23.2
dB
Input P1dB
IP1dB
-6.9
-6.8
-6.8
-6.7
-6.4
dBm FGLONASS = 1605.38 MHz
Output P1dB
OP1dB
10.8
10.6
10.4
10.2
9.5
dBm
Input IP3
In-band
IIP3
4
3.7
3.3
2.4
0.9
dBm
Output IP3
In-band
OIP3
21.7
21.1
20.5
19.3
16.8
Stability
k
>1
fGLONASS = 1602 MHz
dBm fGLONASS = 1603MHz
Input power= -30dBm
Unconditionnally Stable
-from 0 to 10GHz
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
12 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Circuit and Performance Overview
3.2
Summary BGA824N6 as 1550-1615 MHz LNA for GNSS
This application note presents the high linearity low noise amplifier for Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS) using BGA824N6.
The circuit requires only one 0402 passive component. It has in band gain of 17dB. The gain
flatness over the whole temperature range (-40°C to 85°C) is less than 2dB. The circuit
achieves input return loss better than 12dB and output return loss more than 15.7 dB for the
BDTIC
whole temperature range. In room temperature noise figure is 0.6dB (SMA and PCB losses
are subtracted) and it increases to 0.93dB for 85°C. Furthermore, the circuit is unconditionally
stable till 10 GHz.
At 1575 MHz, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the output third order intercept point OIP3
reaches 19 dBm. OIP3 varies form 16.5 dBm to 21.6 dBm for the whole frequency range.
Input P1dB of the GNSS LNA is about -7dBm and it is almost constant over the whole
temaprature range. The out of band OIP3 reaches 8.2 dBm at room temperature at 1575.4
MHz frequency. And this circuit shows very good H2 performance -28.2 dBm for GPS
frequency.
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
13 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Application Circuit and Performance Overview
3.3
Schematics and Bill-of-Materials
BDTIC
Figure 5
Schematics of the BGA824N6 Application Circuit
Table 6
Symbol
Bill-of-Materials
Value
Unit
Size
Manufacturer
Comment
C2 (optional)
1
nF
0402
Various
DC block
C2 (optional)
>10
nF
0402
Various
RF bypass
L1
6.8
nH
0402
Murata LQW type
Input matching
N1
BGA824N6
TSNP-6-2
Infineon
SiGe LNA
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
14 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measurement Graphs
4
Measurement Graphs
Wideband Gain for different temparature
25
1.559 GHz
17.95 dB
1.575 GHz
17.86 dB
S21 (dB)
15
T= -40° C
T= 0° C
1.605 GHz
17.69 dB
T= 25° C
T= 85° C
5
BDTIC
1.559 GHz
16.17 dB
-5
1.605 GHz
15.93 dB
1.575 GHz
16.09 dB
-15
-25
0
Figure 6
1
2
3
Frequency (GHz)
4
5
6
Power gain of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Narroband Gain for different temparature
20
T= -40° C
1.605 GHz
17.204 dB
19
S21 (dB)
1.559 GHz
17.466 dB
1.559 GHz
17.954 dB
1.575 GHz
17.86 dB
T= 0° C
1.605 GHz
17.687 dB
T= 25° C
T= 85° C
18
17
1.559 GHz
17.169 dB
16
1.559 GHz
16.165 dB
1.575 GHz
17.083 dB
1.575 GHz
16.087 dB
1.605 GHz
16.916 dB
1.605 GHz
15.934 dB
15
1.5
Figure 7
1.53
1.56
1.59
Frequency (GHz)
1.62
1.65
Narrowband power gain of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
15 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measurement Graphs
Noise figure for different temparature
1
NF (dB)
0.8
1.575 GHz
0.873 dB
1.559 GHz
0.860 dB
1.605 GHz
0.900 dB
1.575 GHz
0.594 dB
1.605 GHz
0.614 dB
0.6
0.4
BDTIC
T= -40° C
1.559 GHz
0.392 dB
0.2
1.605 GHz
0.423 dB
1.575 GHz
0.429 dB
T= 0° C
T= 25° C
T= 85° C
0
1.559
Figure 8
1.567
1.575
1.583
1.591
Frequency (GHz)
1.599
1.607
1.615
Noise figure of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Input return loss for different temparature
-5
T= -40° C
1.559 GHz
-13.59 dB
1.559 GHz
-12.03 dB
T= 25° C
T= 85° C
S11 (dB)
-10
T= 0° C
1.575 GHz
-12.72 dB
1.605 GHz
-13.89 dB
1.605 GHz
-15.9 dB
1.559 GHz
-14.46 dB
-15
1.575 GHz
-14.49 dB
1.575 GHz
-15.46 dB
1.605 GHz
-16.93 dB
-20
1.5
Figure 9
1.53
1.56
1.59
Frequency (GHz)
1.62
1.65
Input matching of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
16 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measurement Graphs
Swp Max
1.615GHz
2.
0
6
0.
0.8
1.0
Input matching for different temaparature
0.
4
0
3.
1.605 GHz
r 0.752
x 0.032
1.605 GHz
r 0.665
x -0.039
0
4.
5.0
T= -40° C
10.0
0.2
10.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0
0.2
BDTIC
T= 0° C
T= 25° C
T= 85° C
1.559 GHz
r 0.618
x -0.140
1.559 GHz
r 0.678
x -0.101
.0
-2
Swp Min
1.559GHz
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
-3
.0
Figure 10
-4
.0
-5.
0
.4
-0
-10.0
2
-0.
Input matching smith chart for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Output return loss for different temparature
-10
T= -40° C
T= 25° C
S22 (dB)
1.575 GHz
-19.66 dB
T= 0° C
-15
T= 85° C
-20
1.605 GHz
-15.69 dB
1.559 GHz
-22.95 dB
1.605 GHz
-16.29 dB
1.575 GHz
-20.49 dB
-25
1.559 GHz
-24.31 dB
1.605 GHz
-17.1 dB
1.575 GHz
-21.83 dB
-30
1.559 GHz
-26.37 dB
-35
1.5
Figure 11
1.53
1.56
1.59
Frequency (GHz)
1.62
1.65
Output matching of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
17 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measurement Graphs
Swp Max
1.615GHz
2.
0
6
0.
0.8
1.0
Output matching for different temparature
0.
4
0
3.
0
4.
5.0
10.0
T= 0° C
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.8
.0
T= -40°10C
0.6
0.4
1.559 GHz
r1
x -0.0962
0.2
0.2
0
1.559 GHz
r 1.03
x -0.141
BDTIC
T= 25° C
-10.0
T= 85° C
.0
-2
Swp Min
1.559GHz
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
Figure 12
1.605 GHz
r 1.09
x -0.336
-3
.0
.4
-0
1.605 GHz
r 1.05
x -0.284
-4
.0
-5.
0
2
-0.
Output matching smith chart for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
Revese isolation for different temparature
-22
T= -40° C
T= 0° C
T= 25° C
S12 (dB)
-22.5
1.559 GHz
-23.117 dB
1.575 GHz
-23.057 dB
1.605 GHz
-23.039 dB
T= 85° C
-23
-23.5
1.559 GHz
-23.248 dB
1.575 GHz
-23.22 dB
1.605 GHz
-23.202 dB
-24
1.5
Figure 13
1.53
1.56
1.59
Frequency (GHz)
1.62
1.65
Reverse isolation of BGA824N6 for COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS bands
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
18 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measurement Graphs
Stability K factor for different temparature
5
Stability K factor at T= -40° C
Stability K factor at T= 0° C
4
S21 (dB)
Stability K factor at T= 25° C
Stability K factor at T= 85° C
3
1.734 GHz
1.261
BDTIC
2
1
1.566 GHz
1.144
0
0
Figure 14
2
4
6
Frequency (GHz)
8
10
Stability factor k of BGA824N6 upto 10GHz
Stability Mu1 factor for different temparature
2
Stability Mu1 factor at T= -40° C
Stability Mu1 factor at T= 0° C
Stability Mu1 factor at T= 25° C
1.5
S21 (dB)
2.982 GHz
1.114
Stability Mu1 factor at T= 85° C
1
3.08 GHz
1.09
0.5
0
Figure 15
2
4
6
Frequency (GHz)
8
10
Stability factor µ1 of BGA824N6 upto 10GHz
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
19 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measurement Graphs
Stability Mu2 factor for different temparature
2
Stability Mu2 factor at T= -40° C
Stability Mu2 factor at T= 0° C
Stability Mu2 factor at T= 25° C
1.5
S21 (dB)
Stability Mu2 factor at T= 85° C
5.56 GHz
1.069
BDTIC
1
5.521 GHz
1.039
0.5
0
Figure 16
2
4
6
Frequency (GHz)
8
10
Stability factor µ2 of BGA824N6 upto 10GHz
Input P1dB compression point at T= 25° C
19
-30 dBm
17.19 dB
Gain (dB)
18
-30 dBm
17.12 dB
-7.238 dBm
16.36 dB
17
-7.077 dBm
16.29 dB
-30 dBm
16.95 dB
16
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GPS (1575.42 MHz)
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V GLONASS (1605.38 MHz)
15
P1dB at Vcc=2.8V Compass (1559 MHz)
-6.692 dBm
16.11 dB
14
-30
Figure 17
-25
-20
-15
Power (dBm)
-10
-5
0
Input 1 dB compression point of BGA824N6 at supply voltage of 2.8V for COMPASS, Galileo,
GPS and GLONASS bands
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
20 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Measurement Graphs
Intermodulation for GPS Band at T= 25° C
0
Power (dBm)
1.575 GHz
-13.09 dB
1.576 GHz
-13.08 dB
1.574 GHz
-77.02 dB
-50
1.577 GHz
-87.27 dB
BDTIC
-100
-150
1.573
Figure 18
1.574
1.575
1.576
Frequency (GHz)
1.577
1.578
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA824N6 for GPS band
Intermodulation for GLONASS Band at T= 25° C
0
1.603 GHz
-13.24 dB
Power (dBm)
1.602 GHz
-13.14 dB
-50
1.601 GHz
-77.93 dB
1.604 GHz
-89.26 dB
-100
-150
1.6
Figure 19
1.601
1.602
1.603
Frequency (GHz)
1.604
1.605
Carrier and intermodulation products of BGA824N6 for GLONASS band
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
21 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
5
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
In this application note, the following PCB is used:
PCB Marking: BGA824N6
PCB material: FR4
r of PCB material: 4.3
BDTIC
Figure 20
Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (overview) <PCB Marking Myymmdd Rev. x.x>
Figure 21
Photo Picture of Evaluation Board (detailed view)
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
22 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
Vias
RO4003, 0.2mm
Copper
35µm
FR4, 0.8mm
BDTIC
Figure 22
PCB Layer Information
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
23 / 25
2013-03-05
BGA824N6
High-Linearity LNA for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/COMPASS
Authors
6
Authors
Moakhkhrul Islam, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”.
Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”.
7
BDTIC
Remark
The graphs are generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®.
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Application Note AN325, Rev.1.0
24 / 25
2013-03-05
BDTIC
w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m
www.BDTIC.com/infineon
Published by Infineon Technologies AG
AN325