Download Advances in Environmental Biology Developmentinverter FET together with Solar Panels

Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(13) August 2014, Pages: 325-329
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Advances in Environmental Biology
ISSN-1995-0756
EISSN-1998-1066
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Developmentinverter FET together with Solar Panels
1Dauletkulova
Mahsenovna,
Aigul Utegenovna, 2Hanzharova Bayan Serikbayevna, 3Toleuhanova Zauresh
Kaiyrden Chairkenovich, 5Sultangazieva Zhanat Bolatbayevna
4Baetov
Candidate of pedagogical sciences, kazakh state women’s teacher training university
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University
3
Senior lecturer, Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University
4
Master, Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University
5
MASTER,Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University Kazakh State
050000,RepublicofKazakhstan, Almaty
1
2
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 25 June 2014
Received in revised form
8 July 2014
Accepted 10 August May 2014
Available online 30 August 2014
Women’s
Teacher
Training
University
ABSTRACT
In this paper we study the system of "solar photovoltaic -invertor - load" with
microprocessor control to convert energy derived from solar photovoltaic, to AC power
frequency. Proposes to develop transistor inverter to convert solar energy into
electricity solar cells power frequency of single-phase and three-phase voltage. System
when converting the DC voltage obtained from solar photovoltaic, an AC voltage,
providing high quality, energy saving and low cost of conversion.
Keywords:
solar, the photo converter, inverter,
loading
© 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.
To Cite This Article: Dauletkulova Aigul Utegenovna, Hanzharova Bayan Serikbayevna, Toleuhanova Zauresh Mahsenovna, Baetov
Kaiyrden Chairkenovich, Sultangazieva Zhanat Bolatbayevna., Developmentinverter FET together with Solar Panels. Adv. Environ. Biol.,
8(13), 325-329, 2014
INTRODUCTION
In 1956 Uhlir and Turner first described the formation of porous silicon layers on silicon[1]. The efficiency
was much higher than in bulk Si caused a flurry research [2]. Thus, this material has become popular among
scholars and includes variety of applications. Canham, and others [3] have suggested that the bulk Si can be
made micro porous (pore width ≤ 20 nm) and mesa porous ( pore size of 20-500 nm) or macro porous (pore size
> 500 nm), depending on etching conditions photo electrochemical etching using distillation character
semiconductor / liquid compound; backlight increases the etching rate of n -Si[4]. Thönissen et al [5] have
shown that irradiation of the sample Si during or after the etching process, as is known , has a free parameter
etching, which can be used to change the P-Si layer morphology.Forfixed parameters, can be attributed tothe
first resultthat the thicknessis a linearfunction of the wavelengthand power oflightused. Macro porouslayer
formedinN-type silicon waferunder illuminationdue tothe fact thatthe nano-porouslayerafterseveral
micrometersis formed, the light isnot completelydeep layersand hencemacro porouslayerformedin the dark. [6,
7,8,9,10].
With the worsening of the world’s energy shortage and environmental pollution problems, protecting the
energy and the environment becomes the major problems for human beings. Thus the development and
application of clean renewable energy, such as solar, wind, fuel cell, tides and geothermal heat etc., are getting
more and more attention. Among them, solar power will be dominant because of its availability and reliability.
As predicted by [11], the solar will provide the electricity up to 64% of the total energy by the end of this
century.
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has become one of the main ways to use solar energy. And the
renewable energy source based distributed generation (DG) system are normally interfaced to the grid through
power electronic converters or inverters [12] .
Thus developing a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system is important for the mitigation of energy and
environmental issues. Photovoltaic (PV) is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation
into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. The basic PV cell model
is presented [13].
Corresponding Author: DauletkulovaAigulUtegenovna, Candidate of pedagogical sciences, kazakh state women’s teacher
training university
326
DauletkulovaAigulUtegenovna, et al,2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(13) August 2014, Pages: 325-329
Because photovoltaic devices generate direct current electricity with its unique IVcharacteristics, power
electronics are required to help convert its maximum power for different applications. The typical applications
include PV power plants, residential PV,building integrated PV (BIPV) and PV lighting. For PV power plants,
one or several centralized inverter upto1 MW is required to convert the DC power to AC power. For residential
PV, a string type inverter between 1 kW and 10 kW or many micro-inverters are required to converter the
power. The residential PV application utilizes either a standalone system or a grid-tied system. Stand-along
system is always used for some remote area. In this system, the outputs of power converters or inverters connect
to the local load instead of connecting to the grid. Batteries are required to store the energy for night
consumption [14]. In grid-tied system, the outputs of power converters or inverters connect to the grid
directly. BIPV means that PV materials are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the
building envelope such as the roof, skylight, or facades [15]. In this application, a converter is required for each
panel for energy conversion [16]. And in lighting application, a converter is normally required for each panel to
charge a battery for powering lamps at night [17].
Methodology:
At present modern society pays great attention to renewable energy sources (RES), in particular, the
conversion of solar energy, since these sources are an alternative to existing sources of energy and solve a
number of environmental problems.
Kazakhstan is one of the last places in the world for the use of renewable energy sources. The share of
electricity produced from renewable energy sources does not exceed 1% of the total electricity generated. This
leads to the fact that the problem of the development of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly
important.
With increasing power increases the cost of all the equipment, so the conversion of solar energy systems to
be energy efficient and have a high value of efficiency, weight and size have a small size and cost. Conversion
of solar energy system should be constructed so that when converting the DC voltage obtained from solar
photovoltaic, an AC voltage, providing high quality, energy saving and low cost of conversion. Therefore, the
actual problem is the creation of energy-efficient converters of solar energy to AC power frequency and good
quality.
The aim is to develop a system of "solar photovoltaic -invertor - load" with microprocessor control to
convert energy derived from solar panel to AC power frequency.
Energy conversion in solar cells based on the photoelectric effect, which occurs in inhomogeneous
semiconductor structures when exposed to sunlight.
Heterogeneity structure FEP can be obtained by doping the same semiconductor various impurities
(creating p-n junctions), or by connecting the various semiconductors with unequal band gap - the energy of
electron detachment from the atom (the creation of heterojunctions), or due to changes in the chemical
composition of the semiconductor, resulting in to the appearance of the gradient width band gap (the creation of
graded-gap structures). There are also various combinations of these methods.
Conversion efficiency depends on the electrical characteristics of an inhomogeneous semiconductor
structures, as well as the optical properties of solar cells, among which the most important role is played by the
photoconductivity. It is due to the internal phenomena in semiconductors irradiated by sunlight.
Major irreversible losses of energy in the solar cells are connected with:
• reflection of solar radiation from the surface of the transducer,
• passage of the radiation through the FEP without being absorbed in it,
• scattering by thermal vibrations of the lattice of the excess energy of photons
• formed by recombination of photo-pairs on surfaces and in the amount of solar cells,
• the internal resistance of the inverter,
• and some other physical processes.
Theoretical analysis:
On the development of E.M. Romash and others [18], proposes to develop transistor inverter to convert
solar energy into electricity solar cells power frequency of single-phase and three-phase voltage. These
converters are protected by patents in the Committee on Intellectual Property Rights of the Ministry of Justice of
the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Were 1-Wide pulse modulator,2- voltage regulator, 3,4-field-effect transistor, 5-capacitor, 6-diode bridge,
7-the transformer,8-circuit input voltage switch, 9-the body
The apparatus consists of the following element.Wide pulse modulator- controller controls the width of
pulses 1, connected through a voltage regulator 2 and the capacitor 5, for filtering and limiting the input voltage,
followed by connection of the FETs 3, 4 and bolted to the passive cooling, to prevent heat, and the parallel
connection of the secondary winding of the transformer 7, the primary winding is connected directly with a
diode bridge 6, connecting to the circuit input voltage switch 8, c, followed by the location in the body 9. [19]
327
DauletkulovaAigulUtegenovna, et al,2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(13) August 2014, Pages: 325-329
Fig.1: Inverter FET.
The method of calculation and selection of batteries for storing solar energy. Rechargeable batteries can be
connected both in series and in parallel. When connecting the voltage levels are summed, while simultaneously
connecting the currents add up. The general form of a compound of the batteries has a stepped shape.
Each battery can be regarded as an element of a certain matrix. When step connection will be used in series
and parallel-connected batteries, which consist of the following matrices corresponding to the number of stages.
Аc=А1+ А2+ А3 +……. Аn
(5)
Were А1, А2, А3…….Аn – matrices corresponding to each stage.
Total battery voltage at each stage of power:
k
(6)
U àê  U á  m i
i 1
где𝑈𝑏 –the base voltage of the battery;
k
–the number of series-connected batteries in the system storage.
m

i
i 1
Capacity of one battery is defined as:
C It
(7)
гдеt–battery time.
Then the current one battery is:
I
C
t
(8)
Total current speed of the storage system is determined by the following formula:
I àê 
Ñá
t
(9)
k
n
i 1
i
где C á –basic capacity of the battery;
n i –the number of parallel-connected batteries in the i-th stage.
The total capacity of all batteries in the system storage is:
Pàê  U àê  I àê ,
(10)
Рак= U Ñá
á
t
(11)
k
n m
i 1
i
i
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DauletkulovaAigulUtegenovna, et al,2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(13) August 2014, Pages: 325-329
The required total number of batteries involved in the system storage is determined by the following
expression:
k
(12)
N   n i m i = Pàê t
i 1
Cá U á
Conclusions:
By the developed technique of rational use of solar photovoltaic were calculated for the three-phase
conversion system at different inversion schemes. According to the calculations, it was found that the threephase conversion system can save from 18.5% to 35.19% of expensive solar photovoltaic.
1- Output speed voltage curve; 2-ideal sinusoidal curve
Fig. 2: Outputvoltage models.
The use of multi-stage converters that allow you to save the amount of solar photovoltaic by 38.8% with a
single-phase, three-phase system and transformation - from 18.5% to 35.19% and reduce the weight and size
dimensions of the system conversion. Developed and described the new control algorithms multi-stage singlephase and three phase transistor inverters provide the most efficient operation of transistors and output allow to
obtain a sinusoidal voltage curve.
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