Download Using Proc Report in Displaying Clinical Laboratory Results

PROC REPORT in Displaying Clinical Laboratory Results
Ann Root, Pharmaceutical Research Associate, Inc.,Lenexa,KS
END;
Abstract
RUN;
Many features of PROC REPORT provide you with the simple
tools for generating complex report listings for clinical laboratory
results. This procedure is flexible enough to present results
across columns or consolidate many observations into one
record.
-- format field for flagn -PROC FORMAT;
VALUE
This paper presents the steps for presenting lab data in a variety
of ways utilizing PROC REPORT.
FLAGN
2 = 'H'
3 = 'L';
RUN;
1. Lab Data Listings
2. Means and Standard Deviations of Labs
3. Changes of Means and Standard
Deviation of Labs from Baseline
-- sort data --
Background
PROC SORT;
BY NO CNT;
RUN;
PROC REPORT, new in release 6.06, allows for more flexibility
than was available in previous SAS procedure. The PROC
REPORT procedure makes reporting of data simpler and easier.
The examples in this paper require less manipulation of lab data
in a DATA step prior to reporting.
--
Lab Data Listings
proc report --
PROC REPORT DATA = LABDATA NOWINDOWS MISSING;
The input data set for lab is generally stored in data sets with one
observation representing one lab analyte result per subject.
(see Output #1 for data) To display this data in the past, PROC
TRANSPOSE was utilized to convert all the analytes of a
subject's visit into one observation.
COL NO VISIT SDATE
ANALYTE,( '__' RESULT FLAGN);
DEFINE NO
/ GROUP 'SUBJECT/NO' '__' ' '
WIDTH=7 FORMAT=Z3.;
DEFINE VISIT/ GROUP 'VISIT' '__ ' ' ' WIDTH=16
ORDER=DATA;
DEFINE SDATE / GROUP 'LAB/DATE' '__' ' ';
DEFINE ANALYTE / ACROSS ' ';
DEFINE RESULT / ANALYSIS WIDTH=10 ' '
FORMAT=BEST5.;
DEFINE FLAGN / ANALYSIS WIDTH=1 ' '
FORMAT=FLAGN.;
The following example produces a report that collapses all the
observations sharing the same values for subject number, visit,
and sample date into one observation. Each unique lab analyte is
presented in the column header (see Output #2 for results)
The first DATA step converts the variable field named flag to a
numeric variable field named flagn. The DATA step procedure
also categorizes the visits by a numeric sort field named cnt.
BREAK AFTER NO / SKIP;
TITLE 'LISTING OF LAB DATA - HEMATOLOGY';
-- Change flag to a numeric flagn field
---- Categorize visit to a numeric sort field ---
RUN;
DATA LABDATA;
SET LABDATA;
SELECT ( FLAG) ;
WHEN ('HIGH') FLAGN=2;
WHEN('LOW') FLAGN=3;
OTHERWISE;
END;
SELECT (VISIT);
WHEN('POST STUDY') CNT=3;
WHEN('PRE STUDY') CNT=1;
WHEN('24 HRS')
CNT=2;
OTHERWISE;
The COLUMNS statement lists the variables appearing on the
report in order from left to right. The DEFINE statement indicates
the attributes of each of the variables appearing on the report.
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The FORMAT = option is used to control how the value will be
formatted on the report. The WIDTH = option determines the
width of the columns. The ORDER = option specifies the order of
the observations on the report. The default order with PROC
REPORT is FORMATTED.
One way to display a variable with more than one statistic is to
use an alias. Since the statistics needed for result is n, mean and
standard deviation an alias for result is used.
A label can be identified in the DEFINE statement by placing a
character string in single or double quotes. The use of '__' ' '
after the label on the define line produces an underline under the
column headings with a blank line before the data is printed.
The GROUP Usage Option will "group" the data (acts like a
CLASS statement on PROC SUMMARY). It is used to aggregate
data together that contains like values. The example consolidates
multiple rows for the variables no, visit and sdate into one row.
The result and flagn variables are defined using the analysis
option. The ANALYSIS usage option is associated with numeric
fields. If a variable is defined with the ANALYSIS usage option,
the statistic used is assumed to be SUM unless another statistic
that can be used with the ANALYSIS usage options(i.e. MEAN,
MIN, STD) is specified. Since no statistics were associated with
the analysis variables the statistic option being used is sum. For
each row being consolidated using the group option there is only
one value associated with the analyte variable , therefore mean,
min, max or sum could have been specified for the statistic
option.
The ACROSS statement forms column variables from column
headers. The analytes are displayed for column headers. An
ACROSS variable can share a column with an analysis variable
by using a comma between the two variables on the COLUMN
statement. In the example two variables result and flagn in the
COLUMN statement are associated with the analyte variable. The
ACROSS usage option is being associated with the analyte
variable, therefore the analysis variable it is associated with has
to be numeric. This is the reason for changing the flag character
variable to a numeric variable flagn .
The BREAK statement produces a blank line after all the
information for the grouping variable no is printed. The BREAK
statement syntax is the keyword BREAK followed by the before or
after argument, the / followed by the break options. (i.e.
DOL,DUL,OL,PAGE,SKIP,SUMMARIZE,SUPRESS,UL)
A number of SAS statements and options can be used to improve
the appearance of the report, such as titles, footnotes, system
options, and WHERE clauses.
Within the labels specified on the DEFINE statement, one of six
special characters can be specified that will extend the column
heading over several columns(i.e. = _ . * - + ) . These special
characters can be specified in the label on the DEFINE statement
without any text between them, in which case they will underline
only the column they are specified on. Note that if you wanted a
solid line you could do this in the proc report option line by
specifying HEADLINE.
Means and Standard Deviations of Labs
To print the means and the standard deviations of the analytes at
each visit the GROUP variable is analyte. The ACROSS usage
option is used with the visit variable. (see Output #3 results)
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OUTPUT;
END;
RUN;
______________________________
PROC REPORT DATA = LABDATA NOWINDOWS MISSING;
COL ANALYTE
VISIT,(RESULT RESULT=TEMP RESULT=TEMPN);
PROC REPORT DATA = CHANGE NOWINDOWS ;
COL ANALYTE CHG CHG=TEMP CHG=TEMPN;
DEFINE ANALYTE / GROUP 'ANALYTE' '__' LEFT;
DEFINE VISIT
/ ACROSS ORDER=DATA 'VISIT' ' ' ;
DEFINE RESULT / ANALYSIS MEAN 'MEAN' '__'
FORMAT=8.2 ;
DEFINE TEMP
/ ANALYSIS STD 'STD'
'__'
FORMAT=6.2 ;
DEFINE TEMPN / ANALYSIS N 'N'
'__'
FORMAT=6.;
DEFINE ANALYTE / GROUP 'ANALYTE' '__' LEFT;
DEFINE CHG
/ ANALYSIS MEAN 'MEAN’ ' __ ' ' '
FORMAT=8.2;
DEFINE TEMP
/ ANALYSIS STD 'STD' '
'__'
FORMAT=6.2 ;
DEFINE TEMPN / ANALYSIS N 'N'
'__'
FORMAT=6.;
TITLE 'TABLE OF LAB DATA - MEANS AND STANDARD
DEVIATIONS';
TITLE 'TABLE OF LAB DATA - CHANGE OF MEANS AND
STANDARD DEVIATIONS FROM BASELINE ';
RUN;
RUN;
In Summary
Changes of Means and Standard Deviation of
Labs from Baseline
PROC REPORT is a very powerful procedure that combines
many features of other procedures into one. The collapsing of
records into one row using the grouping option is similar to PROC
TABULATE or PROC SUMMARY. The analysis statement
makes reporting of statistics easy and flexible allowing the
presentation of a polished report.
To report the statistics for the change of mean and standard
deviation the labdata data set is modified to one record per
subject, per analyte with the change from post -study to prestudy. (see Output #4 for data)
Trademark Notice
The GROUP variable is analyte. The alias statement being used
in the COLUMN statement to create the mean, std, and n for the
variable chg. (see Output #5 for results)
SAS is a registered trademark of the SAS Institute Inc., Cary,
NC, USA and other countries.
Useful Publications
SAS Institute Inc. (1993) SAS* Technical Report P-258, Using
the REPORT Procedure in a Nonwindowing Environment,
Release 6.07, Cary NC.;SAS Institute Inc.
Acknowledgements
I would like to offer thanks to my reviewers Michelle Bishop, Sue
Campnest, Sandra Clark, and Catherine Sheley.
PROC SORT DATA = LABDATA;
BY ANALYTE NO;
RUN;
Author
Ann Root
Pharmaceutical Research Associates, Inc.
Programmer Analyst II
16400 College Boulevard
Lenexa,KS 66219
Phone 913 577 2706
Fax 913 599-2753
e-mail [email protected]
DATA CHANGE;
SET LABDATA;
BY ANALYTE NO;
RETAIN PRE POST;
IF FIRST.NO THEN DO;
PRE=RESULT;
END;
IF LAST.NO THEN DO;
POST=RESULT;
CHG=POST-PRE;
VISIT= ' ';
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