Download What A Difference a Line Makes

What a Difference a Line Makes
Mary Cowmeadow, Parke-Davis Phannaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Mi.
Paul Wehr, Statprobe Inc., Ann Arbor, Mi.
Complex footnotes were also needed, and so we devised
3 optional footnote types:
The universal footnote appears on every page.
The column header footnote is flagged at the top
of a colunm to aid with further definition of a
colunm.
The data driven footnote appears only when a
particular datum is flagged.
Other options are also available, including one that
produces output very similar to PROC TABULATE.
Abstract
This poster presents "before" and "after"
examples where details such as lines and bold face,
spacing and indentation can greatly improve the legibility
of a report and increase a reviewer's ability to quickly
understand the data presented. With the SAS® macro
language and some knowledge of printer technology, you
can produce "near publication quality" reports.
Introduction
A line drawn across a table may seem like a
simple thing. Anyone can do it with a ruler. Yet simple
lines drawn by the computer at appropriate places, bold
face, spacing and indentation can make a radical
difference in the legibility of a report. If tables are easier
to understand, they can be reviewed more quickly and
accurately. Both time and money are ultimately saved.
Examples
Figures l.l & 1.2 provide an easy way to
illustrate the importance of lines. We needed to compare
and combine multiple data bases. We had to pinpoint any
differences between them before integrating them into a
single data base. A PROC PRINT of the sorted PROC
CONTENTS would do this, but the printout was
enormous and very difficult to look at or understand
(Figure l.l). The solution(Figure 1.2) was to run the
sorted contents output into the macro JSMLIST. In this
example you will see several mismatches of data type,
orphan variables such as DA, and 2 spellings for
CMISDOSE. See if you can spot them on both tables.
Figure 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 and are 3 printouts of a
clinical adverse events listing. The first is very plain
without lines and the other features we have introduced
The second printout includes these featores. The third,
figure 2.3, is a PostScript® version. With these examples
you get some idea of the power of the macros and the
improvement in legibility they provide.
History
At Parke-Davis, for many years, all data listing tables
were programmed using DATA _NULL_ statements.
While other excellent methods for producing tables
existed in SAS, they were not sophisticated enough to
handle extremely complex specifications. Yet DATA
_NULL_tables were so tedious and difficult to produce
that little attention was paid to the physical appearance of
the output.
Macros
The macro JSMLISTt and other macros at
Parke-Davis have evolved as a result of the problems
above: First, we needed a method to produce tables
faster and more efficiently, and, second, we wanted better
looking output. These macros were originally designed
to give us the fimctionality of PROC REPORT, while
allowing us to add or change features as necessary in our
Conclusion
Paper output has yet to be replaced, and there
is still a strong ueed for high quality paper report drivers.
Our approach is a partial answer to that need.
own envirorunent.
JSMLIST, for instance, has many options to
control the appearance of the table. Several options
control line printing:
The user can choose thick or thin lines.
•
The BY= option insures that a variable is
printed only once in a 'by" group and is not
unnecessarily repeated on every line.
TheLINEBY=option prints a line after the last
occurrence of the value of a variable. For
instance, ifLINEBY=PATIENT, and there are
3 records to print for each patient, one line will
be drawn after the 3rd record.
Acknowledgements
SAS is a registered trademark of SAS Institute Inc., Cary,
NC, USA PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe
Systems Incorporate<i.
tThe JSM in JSMLIST comes from the programming environment we
use at Pazke..Davis.
JSM is an acronym for Job Submission Menus. See
Proceedings of the 16th Annual SAS Users Group International
Conference, pp 954-958.
901
Figure 1.1
Multiple Database Comparisons using PROC PRINT
<D
0
IV
Member
Variable
OBS
Name
Name
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
OOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
OOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
OOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
OOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
OOSING
OOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
DOSING
Database
1d
CI
CI
CI
CMISDOS
CMISOOSE
CMISOOSE
CMISOO5E
DA
DAY1
DAY1
DAY1
DAY1
DAY1DA
DAY iDA
DAY1DA
583-06
583-08
583-38
583-08
583-02
583-06
583-38
583-02
583-02
583-06
583-08
583-38
S83-02
583-06
583-08
DAViDA
583-38
DAY1MO
DAY1MO
DAY1MO
DAY1MO
DAY HIM
DAY HIM
DAY HIM
DAY iUNIT
DAY1UNIT
DAY1UNIT
DAY1YR
DAY1YR
DAY1YR
DAY1YR
DDSEOD
OOSEOD
DOSEOO
ENOATE
ENDDA
ENODA
ENDDA
ENDDA
ENDOATE
ENDDATE
ENDDATE
ENDMO
ENDMO
ENDMO
ENDMD
ENDTIM
ENDTIM
ENDTIM
583-02
583-06
583-08
583-38
583-06
583-08
583-38
583-06
583-08
583-38
S83-02
583-06
583-08
583-38
583-06
583-08
583-38
583-02
583-02
583-06
583-08
583-38
583-06
583-08
583-38
583-02
S83-06
S83-08
583-38
583-06
583-08
583-38
Variable
Length
Variable Label
CI
CLINICAL INVESTIGATION NUMBER
CI
>48 HOURS CONSECUTIVE DOSES
MISSED 3 CONSECUTIVE DOSES
Doses Missed> 48 Consecutive Hours
Doses Missed> 48
Consecutive Hours
DATE OF FIRST DOSE OF STUDY MEDICATION
First Dose on Study Drug Date
FIRST DAY OF STUOY DRUG
first Dose on StUdy Drug Date
First Dose Day
OAY1 DAY
4
8
4
8
8
2
2
8
8
6
6
6
8
2
2
2
Variable
Type
num
num
num
num
num
nUID
num
nurn
num
char
char
ctlar
nUn!
char
char'
8
char
num
First Dose Month
DAY1 MONTH
First Dose Month
2
2
2
char
char
First Dose Time
DAY 1 TIME
First Dose Time
4
4
4
char
2
8
2
8
2
2
2
2
8
2
8
8
2
2
2
6
6
6
8
num
First Dose Day
DAYHIME Unit
DAY1 UNIT
DAY HIME Un; t
First Dose Year
OAY1 YEAR
F1rst Dose Year
More Doses Taken Than Prescribed
PATIENT OVEROOSE
More Doses Taken Than Prescribed
DATE OF LAST DOSE OF STUDY MEDICATION
Final Dose Day
END DATE DAY
Final Dose Day
Final Oo.se Date
END DATE
Final Dose Date
Final Dose Month
END DATE MONTH
F1nal Dose Month
Final Dose Time
END TIME
Final Dose Time
2
2
2
4
cllar
char
char
num
num
num
char'
char~
C!lar
nUIll
num
num
num
nllm
char
char
char
chat~
char
char
num
char
chal~
4
cllar
char
char
4
chal~
+oqlhan
+variable type
mismatch is
hard to SJlot.
Ftgure 1.2
Multiple Database Compartsons with JSMLIST
Member
Name
DOSING
Variable
Name
Database
CI
583-06
S83-08
S83-38
CMISDOS
S83-08
CMI5D05E
583-02
S83-06
S83-38
OA
S83-02
DAY 1
S83-02
583-06
583-08
S83-38
Length
Label
ID
Type
4
num
CI
nUI\1
CLINICAL INVESTIGATION NUMBER
8
num
4
CI
------------ ---,_.. -_. . -------_._----------- ---_. - _."8
num
>48 HOURS CONSEC MISSED DOSES
-_._-_._.- --".
8
num
MI5SEO 3 CONSECUTIVE DOSES
Doses Missed> 48 Consecutiye Hours
2
nLHll
Doses Missed> 48 Consecutive Hours
nUIII
2
.. __ .
. .. - -----------_._--_._----- _.- - --, _.....
num
B
---_ ..._--_._- ._------- -_.-. -, .., - - . __ ... ,._.
8
num
DATE OF FIR5T DOSE OF 5TUDY MEDICATION
first Dose on Study Drug Date
6
char
FIRST DAY OF STUDY DRUG
6
char
cl""l8P
First Dose on Study Drug Date
6
----~-
__
-~
-.--~--.--
'"ow
----~-
DAY1DA
S83-02
S83-06
583-08
583-38
.-
-_.
First Dose Day
8
2
2
2
First Dose Month
DAY1 MONTH
Ftrst Dose Month
8
2
2
2
first Dose Day
DAyt DAY
S83-02
S83-06
583-08
583-38
---.-
-------,---"----------- .. _._ ..--------.-.. -.. -<----
.---~-
First Dose Time
DAY1 TIME
First Dose Time
4
DAY1UNIT
S83-06
583-08
583-38
DAYlTIME Unit
DAY1 UNiT
DAYlTIME Unit
2
8
2
DAY1YR
S83-02
8
F 1rst Dose Year
2
S83-08
DAY1 YEAR
2
S83-38
First Dose Year
2
- - - - - - - -------- --More Doses Taken Than Prescribed
S83-06
2
sa3~08
PATIENT OVERDOSE
8
583-38
More Doses Taken Than Prescribed
2
583-06
DOSEOD
4
4
mismatch is
easy to spot
nliln
eila r~
char
char
nUIll
cl1ar
char'
chat'
----
S83-06
583-08
S83-38
DAY1TIM
+variable type
-_ .... ,.- .,--
------
DAY1MO
+orphan
char
char
char
---num
num
num
.. _--_.
num
cllar
char
char
--"-
num
num
num
.
I
Figure 2.1
Drug A vs Drug B in the Treatment of Otitis Media
Listing of Adverse Events
Protocol 583-010-002
Treatment Group:Drug A
Study
14 mg/kg QO
Adverse Event
Day of
Age
Last
(yr) Sex Dose
Pt
No
33M
10
6 8
11
711
F
M
10
Preferred Term-
Investigator Term
Study
Relat1on-
Day
shlp to
Serious-------------Inten- Study
AE?
Began Ended s1ty
No
~
Drug
Manage-
ment of
Study
Drug
Cl inical
Outcome
NONE
Nlnsomnia-
INSOMNIA
HPharyngitis-
4
6
Mi Jd
Unl ikely
None
Recovered
No
21
23
Mild
Oef.
Not
None
Recovered
No
48
50
Mi ld
Unl ikely
None
Recovered
No
48
Cant
Mil d
Oef,
Not
None
Not yet recovered
No
19
21
Mild
Unlikely
None
Recovered
4
Mild
Definitely
Discont
Recovered
Sev
Def i n i te 1 y
D i scant
Recovered/seque 1ae
None
Recovered
URTI (UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT INFECTION)
'"
10 3
F
10
Fever-
PYREXIA
NPharyng i t i 5 -
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION
~
~
169
*
*'
*'
F
10
IIPharyng1tis-
SORE THROAT
175M
4
HOverdose-
Yes
OVERDOSE
#NauseaNAUSEA
IIPharyng i t i 5-
No
2
5
No
15
17
Mil d
Def.
IINauseaNAUSEA
IIPharyngi t i s-
No
2
Mild
Definitely
None
Recovered
23
26
M j 1d
Un 11 ke 1 y
None
Recovered
3
11
Mi ld
Probably
None
Recovered
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION
21
3
F
13
@I
No
Not
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION
235M
10
NDiarrhea-
No
~
---------------~-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*See listing of Adverse Event Comments
#Treatment Emergent S1gn or Symptom -first occurrence
@Adverse event occurred intermittently
Figure 2.2
Using the ~5MLI5T Macro
Drug A
V5
Drug B in the Treatment of Otitis Media
Listing of Adverse Events
Protocol 583-010-002
Treatment Group:Orug A
14 mg/kg QD
Study Adverse Event
Day of
Preferred TermLast
Age
(yr) Se" Dose
tPt
No
3
3
M
10
6
8
F
11
7
11
M
10
10
3
F
10
Investigator Term
Relation-
Study
Day
Ship to
Inten- Study
Serious
AE?
Began Ended s lty
Drug
NONE
-
'"o
9
F
10
17
5
M
4
is
is
1s
is
--_ ..
----.---~-
,-
.. _--
*PharyngitisURTI (UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT INFECTION)
No
21
23
Mi ld
FeverPYREXIA
,*PharyngittsUPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION
No
48
50
Mild
Un! ikely
None
Recovered
No
48
Cont
MIld
Oef. Not
None
Not yet
*PharyngitisSORE THROAT
No
19
21
--Mild
Unlikely
None
fOverdoseOVERDOSE
fNauseaNAUSEA
tPharyngitisUPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION
Yes
I
4
Mild
Definitely
Discont
--Recovered
No
2
5
Sev
Oef lnltely
Discont
Recovered/sequelae
No
15
17
Mi ld
Oef. Not
None
Recovet~ed
------
This
tThis
*Th1s
• This
Outcome
6
Mi ld
~---
Unl ikely
None
a universal footnote.
a column header footnote.
a data driven footnote .
another data driven footnote.
RecoveJ~ed
--------- ----.--- ---- ._--_ .. _---- Recover~ed
Oef. Not
None
f--~~-
~-
.. __ ._--
----.,_.
--
.
Cl inlcal
4
------~--
16
StUdy
Drug
No
.*InsomniaINSOMNIA
--~
VI
Management of
-----.
-
recovered
_. __._-------_ ... Recovered
-~--,.
I
Figure 2.3
Adverse Event Listing Macro
Orug A VI Drug 8 In the Treatment of Otitis Media
Listing o. Adverse Events
Protocol: S83 -Gll.002
Treatment Group: Drug A 14mglKg QD
Adverse Event:
Preferred Term
INVESTIGATOR TEXT
patltnt;
3 Age: 4 Stl:
Ma'a
Serious
Study Day
start 1 stop
Relaled
Action
Intensity
to drug?
taken
Clinical
outcome
Mild
Unlikely
None
Recovered
Mild
Oef.Not
None
Recovered
Adverse
Event
RIC8: WbHa
NONE
Patten':
Patftnt'
8 Age· ,
I
Sex: Farnale Race; White
** Insomnia
INSOMNIA
Apt; 12 §ax: Mala
416
RlC8i While
t· PharyngKIs
21123
URTI (UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION)
'"o
'"
Pltftn.: 1Q Age· •
SUi Fema"
Race: Wbba
• Pharyngitis
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
4&'Con1
Mild
Del. Nol
None
Not yet recovered
tFever
4llI50
Mild
Unlikely
None
Recovered
19f.!!
Mild
Unlikely
None
Recovered
114
Mild
Deflnhely
Discontinued
Reoov6f6d
2/5
Severe
Definitely
Discontinued
ReoovenKVsequ~ae
Mild
Del. Not
None
Recovered
PYREXIA
patltnt: 10 Apt; 10
Sex; Female Race; Whll.
t· Pharyngitis
SORE THROAT
Patlanl: 17 Aga·
§
"';
MIlt
Bact: White
t' OVeroose
OVERDOSE
t* Nausea
t·
NAUSEA
Pharyng"Is
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
15/17
• Treatment Emergent Adverse Event
*tComments:
Adverse event occurred Intermittently
Patient 1:
Patient 10:
Patient 16:Patient 17:
VERY MINOR VIRAL INFECTION
RECURRENCE OF MILD PYREXIA ASSOCIATED WITH URTI- SETTLED IN 2 DAYS
MINOR VIRAL INFECTION
THE PATIENT WAS PRESCRIBED MEDICATION WITH A DOSE GREATER THAN RECOMMENDED. PATIENT WAS GIVEN DOSE FOR A 25
KG CHILD, WHEN THIS CHILD IS ONLY 22.5 KG. OVERDOSE (SLIGHT)
NAUSEA WITH TAKING THIS MEDICATION. REFUSED TO TAKE ANY MORE.
MINOR TRIVIAL CONDITION
Yes