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*
Learning Goals:
- identify functional groups in compounds
- give examples of where functional groups are used in
biology
*
*Organic compounds:
*Class of compounds that
contain carbon (with a
few exceptions)
* Hydrocarbons: contain only C & H
*
* Groups of atoms within molecules that are involved with
chemical reactions.
'
R
O C
R
Carbonyl
Aldehyde (R’ is H)
Ketone
Properties
Formaldehyde
Polar
Acetone
Polar
Acids - vinegar
Polar, often
loses hydrogen
Alcohols - ethanol
Polar
O
Found In/Example
R
C
Hydroxyl
R
O
H
O
Carboxyl
H
*
* Groups of atoms within molecules that are involved with
chemical reactions.
H
Amino
R
N
H
Found In/Example
Properties
Bases – ammonia
Polar, often
gains hyrogen
ATP
Polar, usually
loses hydrogens
O
Phosphate
O P
CO
O
Coenzymes
Sulfhydryl /
thiol
Methyl
-SH
R – CH3
FYI - Garlic – gives it the
distinct smell
Methanol, methyl chloride
Polar
Non-polar, Least
reactive side
group