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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
July, 2013
Foot-and-Mouth Disease situation
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Monthly Report
July 2013
I N F O R M A T I O N S O U R C E S U S E D:
Databases:
*OIE WAHID World Animal Health Information Database*
*FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)*
Other sources:
*FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks*
*FAO/EuFMD projects and field officers*
The sources for information are referenced by using superscripts.
The key to the superscripts is on the last page
Please, note that the use of information and boundaries of territories should not be
considered to be the view of the U.N. Please, always refer to the OIE for official information
on reported outbreaks and country status.
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
July, 2013
Contents
I.
GENERAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................... 3
II.
HEADLINE NEWS ...................................................................................................................... 5
III.
DETAILED POOL ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 7
A. POOL 1 – Central / East Asia ................................................................................................ 7
B.
POOL 2 – South Asia........................................................................................................... 10
C.
POOL 3 – West Eurasia & Middle East ............................................................................... 11
D. POOL 4 – Eastern Africa ................................................................................................... 144
E.
POOL 5 – West / Central Africa ........................................................................................ 165
F.
POOL 6 – Southern Africa .................................................................................................. 17
G. POOL 7 – South America .................................................................................................... 19
V.
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 20
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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I.
GENERAL OVERVIEW
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) distribution by serotype and the seven virus pools, 2010-2013
(Map 1)
Pools represent independently circulating and evolving FMDV genotypes; within the pools, cycles of
emergence and spread occur that usually affect multiple countries in the region. In the absence of
specific reports, it should be assumed that the serotypes indicated below are continuously circulating
in parts of the pool area and would be detected if sufficient surveillance was in place (Table 1).
Map 1: Foot-and-mouth disease virus pools distribution, 2011-2013
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Table 1: List of countries representing each virus pool
POOL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
REGION/COUNTRIES
CENTRAL/EAST ASIA
(Cambodia, China (People's Rep. of), China (Hong Kong, SAR),China (Taiwan
Province), Japan, Korea (DPR), Korea (Rep. of), Laos PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Russian Federation, Thailand, Viet Nam)
SOUTH ASIA
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka
WEST EURASIA & MIDDLE EAST
(Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bulgaria, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine
Autonomous Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)
EASTERN AFRICA
(Burundi, Comoros, Congo D. R., Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Rwanda, Somalia, North Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen)
WEST/CENTRAL AFRICA
(Benin , Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Afr. Rep., Chad, Congo D. R.,
Congo R., Cote d'ívoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Biss.,
Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome Principe, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Togo)
SOUTHERN AFRICA
(Angola, Botswana, Congo D. R., Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa,
Zambia, Zimbabwe)
SOUTH AMERICA
(Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela)
SEROTYPES
O, A, Asia 1
O, A, Asia 1
O, A, Asia 1
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
{O, A}*, SAT 1,
SAT 2, SAT 3
O, A
* ONLY IN NORTH ZAMBIA AS OVERSPILL FROM POOL 4
Egypt and Libya are indicated as being in multiple pools, since they have evidence of FMDV originating
from 2 or more pools in the recent past (4 years).
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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II.
HEADLINE NEWS
POOL 1
China1 – FMDV type A and O outbreaks in Tibet Autonomous Region, South West China.
Russia1,5 – Foot-and-mouth disease outbreak type A SEA-97 in cattle in Amurskaya Oblast.
Mongolia1,5 - Confirmed FMDV serotype A ASIA Sea-97 outbreaks in West Mongolia (Bayan – Ulgii
Region).
POOL 3
Russia1,5 – FMDV type A Iran-05 outbreak is continuing in Krasnodarskiy Kray. Further spread of
FMDV to the nearby Kabardino-Balkarskaya Republic
POOL 6
South Africa1 – Confirmed Foot-and-Mouth Disease serotype SAT 1 outbreak in cattle in
Limpopo.
Zimbabwe1 – Two new outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease in cattle in East Zimbabwe – in
Masvingo (Chiredzana, Zaka) and Manicaland (Mahenye, Chipinge) Regions.
COUNTER
*** 19 MONTHS SINCE LAST OUTBREAK IN SOUTH AMERICA HAS BEEN REPORTED
*** 106 MONTHS SINCE LAST C SEROTYPE OUTBREAK HAS BEEN REPORTED
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FOLLOW UP - FMDV TYPE A IN WEST EURASIA AND CENTRAL/EAST ASIA
Further spread of FMDV type A Iran-05 to Kabardino-Balkarskaya Republic, North Caucasus,
Russian Federation. The virus belongs to A ASIA Iran-05 SIS-10 sublineage with more than 99%
identity (VP1) with field isolates from Turkey (Anatolia) in 2013. Enhanced regional surveillance
is advisable to identify where else this virus may be circulating.
FMDV serotype A isolates from East Kazakhstan in May and June 2013 belong to the A/ASIA
SEA-97 lineage and are closely related (>98.9% VP1 identity) with FMDV strains collected from
North China and Russia in 2013 and Thailand (Oct 2012). The FMDV type A isolate from West
Mongolia in July 2013 belongs to the same genetic lineage. These closely related viruses have
spread across a wide geographical area over a relatively short time.
FOOTNOTE:
Foot-and-Mouth Disease is endemic in many parts of the World and there are some sporadic
reports or media released information about these regions (South Asia (pool 2) and Africa (pools
4 and 5)), but very limited data on the current FMD viruses involved. More information on the
serotypes, genotypes and vaccine matches are needed for disease risk managers.
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III.
DETAILED POOL ANALYSIS
A.
POOL 1 – Central / East Asia
China (Tibet Autonomous Region) 1,21 – FMDV type A outbreak in Zhuxi, Bomi, Linzhi, Tibet
(South West China) was confirmed on 10 July 2013. (Map 2) Clinical signs were reported in 51
cattle and 21 swine in Zhuxi village on 5th of July, according the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA).
The disease was confirmed by the National Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute
using ELISA, RT-PCR and gene sequencing. The current genetic lineage is still pending. Stamping
out was applied as a disease control measure.
Map 2: FMDV type A outbreak in Zhuxi, Tibet on Map 3: FMDV Type O outbreak in Dobuzha, Rikaze,
05 July 2013 (OIE)
Tibet Autonomous Region (22 July 2013) (OIE)
A type O outbreak in Dobuzha, Rikaze, Tibet was reported on 22 July 2013, following the
previous notification of FMDV Type O outbreak in Longzhong, Gangba, Rikaza (Tibet) in June. 85
out of 85 cattle were affected. Stamping out, quarantine and disinfection were applied as a
disease control measures. (Map 3)
Russian Federation1,5,22 - An FMDV outbreak in Grodekovo village, Amurskaya Oblast was
reported on 1 July 2013. (yellow star on map 4). 25 out of 67 cattle were affected. There were
no clinical signs reported in the other susceptible population presented in the area (802 sheep
and 266 pigs). The outbreak is located in only 15 meters from the border with China. An
epidemiological investigation is being conducted to establish the source of this infection.
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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This outbreak was caused by A ASIA Sea-97 strain of FMDV, closely related (more than 99%
identity) to the type A isolates from North China (March 2013) and Kazakhstan (June 2013) and
98.74% identical with isolates from Thailand in October 2012. The previous Russian isolate from
Zabaykalski Kray (March 2013) belongs to the same cluster (99.37% identity in VP1 region).
Map 4: FMDV type A oubreaks in Grodekovo village (Amurskaya Oblast), July 2013 (EMPRESi)
The red dots represented the previous outbreaks in 2013.
Mongolia1,5 – Two FMD outbreaks occurred on the 4th and 6th of July in two farms in Bayan Ulgii
province (Sagsai and Ulaan Khus districts respectively). 15 out of 418 cattle were affected.
Laboratory tests results confirmed FMDV, serotype A on 09 July 2013. According to OIE, this is
the first occurrence of FMD serotype A in Mongolia in 2 years. The current isolate belongs to A
ASIA Sea-97 strain of FMDV with over 99% identity (VP1) with the isolates from the
neighbourhood (China, Russia and Kazakhstan) in early 2013. Both outbreaks are located in
West Mongolia, near to the border with China and 25 - 50 km distance from the borders with
Russia and Kazakhstan, respectively (yellow circle on map 5).
Map 5: FMDV type A outbreaks (yellow circle) in West Mongolia, July 2013 (EMPRESi)
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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FMD history in the past 2 years for pool 1 is given in Table 2, and map 6.
Map 6: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013
Table 2: Pool 1 FMD history 2011-2013
COUNTRY
CAMBODIA
CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF)
CHINA (HONG KONG, SAR)
CHINA (TAIWAN PROVINCE)
JAPAN
KOREA (DPR)
KOREA (REP. OF)
LAOS PDR
MALAYSIA
MONGOLIA
MYANMAR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
THAILAND
VIET NAM
FMD HISTORY
FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in 2011 - 2013
1
NOT TYPED
1, 16
A, O
1, 5
O
1, 5
O
1
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
1, 5
2011 – O
1, 5
2011 – O
9
O
1, 5
O, A
9
2013 – NOT TYPED
10
2012 - O
1
2011 – O
1
2011- 2012 – O
1
2013 – A
1, 5
O, A
1, 5
2011 – O
5
2012 – A, O
18
2013 – A
LAST OUTBREAK
REPORTED/SEROTYPE
1
OCT 2012/NOT TYPED
1
1
JULY 2013/A / O
3
NOV 2012/O
1
JUNE 2013/O
1, 5
JULY 2010/O
1
MARCH 2011/O
1
APR 2011/O
9
MARCH 2013/O
JAN 2013/NOT TYPED
9
1
JULY 2013/A
9
FEB2012/O
JULY 2013/A
1,5
OCT 2012/A, O
APR 2013/A
1
18
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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B.
POOL 2 – South Asia
India2 – Sequence data for the 1 D genome region were generated for eight serotype O field
isolates in India in July 2013. They all belonged to O Ind-2001 lineage.
Map 7: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013
South Asia is known to be an FMD endemic area
but very limited data on serotypes is available
(Map 7).
The PD-FMD at Mukteswar (FMD Reference
laboratory for South Asia) is active in this region
and is requested to provide information on FMD
circulation
that
will
assist
improved
understanding of virus circulation. FMD history in
the past 2 years is given in Table 3.
Table 3: Pool 2 FMD history 2011-2013
COUNTRY
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
INDIA
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
FMD HISTORY
FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in 2011 - 2013
6
2011 – O, A, Asia 1
2011, 2012 – O
5
1, 15
O, A, Asia 1
1, 6
O, A, Asia 1
O
1, 5
LAST OUTBREAK REPORTED/SEROTYPE
NOT AVAILABLE
NOV 2012/O
5
MAR 2013/O,A, Asia 1
MAR 2013/O
2012/O
3, 15
2
5
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C.
POOL 3 – West Eurasia & Middle East
Russia1,5,22 – Two FMDV type A outbreaks occurred in cattle in Krasnodarskiy Kray (yellow arrow
on the map 8) in the villages of Andryuki and Psebay beginning on 26 June 2013. 6 out of 54
cattle in Psebay and 6 out of 180 cattle in Andryuki village were affected. Vaccination is to be
applied in response to the outbreaks. Modified stamping out, quarantine, movement control
within the country, screening and disinfection of infected premises have been implemented to
control the disease.
Map 8: FMDV type A oubreaks in Krasnodarskiy Kray, July 2013 (EMPRESi).
The red dots represented the previous outbreaks in 2013.
Another FMD outbreak was reported in the Russian Federation in the buffer zone just near the
state border with Georgia. The infection occurred in the rural community of Nizhny Kurkuzhin,
Baksansky Rayon, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Republic. (yellow circle on the map 9) This is the 7th
outbreak notified from the Russian Federation to OIE since June 2013. The disease was
confirmed by the National FMD Laboratory (FGBU “Federal Center for Animal Health”) as a
serotype A of FMDV.
Map 9: FMDV serotype A outbreak in Baksansky Rayon, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Resp., July 2013
(EMPRESi)
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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Phylogenetic analysis shows that the isolates from Andryuki village (Krasnodarskiy Kray) and
Nizhny Kurkuzhin (Kabardino-Balkarskaya Republic) both belong to A/ASIA Iran-05 SIS-10 strain of
FMD virus which has recently been circulating in the West Eurasia region (Iran, Iraq,
Afghanistan, Pakistan and Turkey). The analysis revealed a close genetic relationship (98.90 –
99.06% identity within VP1 coding region) with FMDV strains from Turkey (Anatolia) in 2013.
This highlights the risk of further spread of the disease in the region and the need for enhanced
surveillance to identify where else it may be circulating. Vaccine matching data showed a good
match between the Turkish type A Iran-05SIS-10 isolates in 2013 and vaccine strain A/Tur 06 ;
however vaccine matching data is not yet available for the isolates from the North Caucasus.
Pakistan2,23 – Suspected FMD was reported in cattle in the Mohmand tribal region, near to the
border with Afghanistan (red star on the map 10).
Several outbreaks of FMD Serotype A have already occurred on the territory of Pakistan in
2013. (red dots on the map 10).
Map 10: FMDV outbreaks in Pakistan in 2013
FMD history in Pool 3 in Map 11: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013
past 2 years is given in
Table 4 and Map 11.
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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Table 4: Pool 3 FMD history 2011-2013
COUNTRY
AFGHANISTAN
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
BAHRAIN
BULGARIA
EGYPT
GEORGIA
IRAN
IRAQ
FMD HISTORY
FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in 2011 2013
1, 5
2011 – O, A, Asia 1
1
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
1
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
5
2011 – O, A, Asia 1
5
2012 – O
1, 5
2011 – O
1, 5
A, O
1, 5
2012 – O, A, SAT 2
1
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
2
2
5
O , A , Asia 1
1,5
O,A
1,5
ISRAEL
JORDAN
KAZAKHSTAN
KUWAIT
KYRGYZSTAN
LEBANON
LIBYA
OMAN
PAKISTAN
AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIES
PALESTINE
QATAR, 2011
SAUDI ARABIA, 2011
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC, 2011
TAJIKISTAN, 2011
TURKEY,
MONTHLY REPORTS REGULARLY
SUBMITTED TO EUFMD
O
1
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
1,5
O, A
5
O
1
2011 – O, A
1
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
5;
5
2011 – O 2012 – O, SAT 2
NO DATA AVAILABLE
5, 13
O, A, Asia 1
1
2011 – O, A, Asia 1
1, 5;
2
2012 – SAT 2 2013 - A
NO DATA AVAILABLE
5
O
1
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
1
2011 – Asia 1
TURKMENISTAN
NO DATA AVAILABLE
UZBEKISTAN
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Asia 1, A, O
5,1
LAST OUTBREAK
REPORTED/SEROTYPE
1
DEC 2011
NOT AVAILABLE
1
JUN 2001
MAR 2012/O
JUN 2011/O
5
1
1
JUN 2012/SAT 2
1
2002
5
2
5
JUNE 2013/O , A , Asia 1
5
2012 /A
5
MAR 2012/O
1
2006
1
JUNE 2013/ A
5
FEB 2012/O
1
NOV 2011/O, A
1
03/2010
1, 5
APR 2012
1
DEC 2011
5, 13
NOV 2012/O, Asia 1, A
2
MARCH 2013
NOT AVAILABLE
5
JULY 2012/O
1
MARCH/2002
1
NOV 2011/Asia 1
5
1
JUNE 2013/O, A , Asia 1
NOT AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
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D.
POOL 4 – Eastern Africa
East Africa is known to be FMD endemic Map 12: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013
area but with limited available data (Map
12).
Ethiopia21 – Different serotypes of FMD virus have been reported in the country in the past: O
EA-3; A AFRICA G VII; SAT 2 XIII; SAT 1 IX and C Eth-71.
A study conducted by Jibat et al. in 2011 in Ethiopia (Borena zone) shows the FMD impact on
some major livelihood indicators and the correlation between new FMD cases and the amount
of rainfalls (seasonal disease dynamic). In Borena area, FMD outbreaks are known to occur 2-3
times per year mostly during the dry period, when the cattle have to move long distance to a
new pastures and water. This higher FMD incidence rate is probably due to increased animal
contact and possibly immunosuppression in the susceptible animals and leads to heavy losses in
small-scale mixed farming system reducing the milk production (41,6% of the household food in
the region).
FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 5 below.
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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Table 5: Pool 4 FMD history 2011-2013
COUNTRY
BURUNDI
COMOROS
CONGO D. R.
DJIBOUTI
EGYPT
ERITREA
ETHIOPIA
KENYA
LIBYA
RWANDA
SOMALIA
NORTH SUDAN
SOUTH SUDAN
TANZANIA
UGANDA
YEMEN
FMD HISTORY
FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in 2011 - 2013
7
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
NO DATA AVAILABLE
4
O, A, SAT 1
NO DATA AVAILABLE
1, 5
2011 – A, O
1, 5
2012 – A, O SAT 2
5
O
5, 7
A, SAT 1, O
1, 5
2011 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
5
2011 – O
5,7
2012 – O, SAT 2
7
ABSENT
2
NOT TYPED
NO DATA AVAILABLE
1
A, O
7
O, SAT 1, SAT 2, A
7
1, 5
2011 – SAT 1(buffalo), SAT 2 (cattle), O , SAT3
5
2012 – A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2
7, 2, 1
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT3
NO DATA AVAILABLE
LAST OUTBREAK REPORTED/SEROTYPE
7
2011
1
2010
14
JUNE 2013 /NOT TYPED
NOT AVAILABLE
1
JUN 2012/SAT 2
5
DEC 2011/O
5
2012/O
7
JAN 2013/A, SAT2
APR 2012
1, 5
NOV 2012/NOT TYPED
2
1
2011
1
DEC 2011
7
2011
MAR 2013/O
APR 2013/A
17
19
NOT AVAILABLE
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E.
POOL 5 – West / Central Africa
Democratic Republic of Congo2,5 – Foot-and-mouth disease in cattle was reported in
Kagando/Kiliba city and Kabunambo groupment, South Kivu. The outbreaks are located in 5 to
10 km distance from the border with Burundi. FMD has appear periodically in these regions, but
the reports are sporadically, because of lack of well establish epidemiological monitoring
network in the country. Transboundary movements of animals and people are observed
regularly between D.R. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda. The government reportedly plans
to undertake a vaccination company against FMD in the region using a quadrivalent vaccine.
The current genetic lineages presented in that region are O EA-2 and A AFRICA G-I (closely
related to type A isolates from Kenya and Tanzania) and types SAT1, SAT2 and SAT 3 (in South
Kivu).
According to RESOLAB data on FMD situation in the first half of 2013, 1 FMD outbreak was
detected in Benin and 6 outbreaks in Ghana (3 of them in May in Lambushi Kaani District, Upper
West of the country). No virus detected.
No FMD outbreaks reported in Gambia and Sierra Leone in this reporting period.
Foot and mouth disease is endemic in West Map 13: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013
Africa (Map 13). In Gabon, Sierra Leone,
Mauritania, Guinea, Guinea Bissau. FMD has
not been reported at least in the last 3 years.
FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 6.
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Table 6: Pool 5 FMD history 2011-2013
BENIN
FMD HISTORY
FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in 2011 2013
4, 1
2011 – A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2
BURKINA FASO
O, A, SAT 2
CAMEROON
CAPE VERDE
CENTRAL AFR. REP.
CHAD
CONGO D. R.
CONGO R.
COTE D'ÍVOIRE, 2011
EQUATORIAL GUINEA,
2011
GABON, 2011
GAMBIA
GHANA
2011 – O, A, SAT 2
NO DATA AVAILABLE
NO DATA AVAILABLE
4
2011, 2012 – A, SAT 1
4
2011, 2012 O, A, SAT 1
NO DATA AVAILABLE
1
4
2011 – SAT 1, A , O, SAT 2
DEC 2011/O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
NO PRECISE DATA,
1
DEC 2011
4
2012
NOT AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
14
JUNE 2013 /NOT TYPED
NOT AVAILABLE
4
2011
NO DATA AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
NO DATA AVAILABLE
9
O, A, SAT 2
4, 1
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
NO DATA AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
4
2012 /O
1
2012/O
NOT AVAILABLE
NO DATA AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
COUNTRY
GUINEA BISS.
GUINEA
LIBERIA
MALI
MAURITANIA
NIGER
NIGERIA
SAO TOME PRINCIPE
SENEGAL
SIERRA LEONE
TOGO
4
4,1
4
A, SAT 2
4, 1
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
NO DATA AVAILABLE
4, 1
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
4, 1
O, A
NO DATA AVAILABLE
4, 1
O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2
NO DATA AVAILABLE
1, 4, 1
O, SAT 1
LAST OUTBREAK REPORTED/SEROTYPE
1
4
2011/2012 , NO PRECISE DATA
4
2011/2012 , NO PRECISE DATA
NOT AVAILABLE
NO PRECISE DATA,
1
OCT 2011
4
OCT/NOV 2012/A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2
NOT AVAILABLE
4
2012/O, A, SAT 1
1
OCT 1958
4
2012/O
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F.
POOL 6 – Southern Africa
South Africa 1 – FMDV serotype SAT 1 outbreak occurred on 17 July 2013 in Greater Giyani,
Limpopo (red circle on the map 14). Two out of 1 385 cattle were affected. The disease was
confirmed on PCR by the National laboratory (ARC-OVI Transboundary Animal Disease Program)
on 18 July 2013.
The outbreak occurred within the South African FMD protection zone, where vaccination for
FMD is practiced. It is reportedly associated with contacts between domestic cattle and African
buffalo at a communal dip tank. Quarantine and vaccination were applied in response to the
outbreak. The previous occurrence in this area was on 10 January 2011.
Map 14: FMD serotype SAT 1 outbreak in Limpopo, South Africa (17 July2013) The map depicts FMD
outbreaks occurring from 01/01/2010 through 24/07/2013, over the estimated Global cattle density
(EMPRESi)
Zimbabwe1 – Two new outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease in cattle were reported in East
Zimbabwe: in Masvingo (Chiredzana, Zaka) and Manicaland (Mahenye, Chipinge) Regions (red
circles on the map 15). 1335 out of 5762 cattle were affected. The diagnosis was confirmed by
the National Veterinary Laboratory. Serotype results are pending. The source of these
outbreaks is reported to be illegal movement of animals and contact with wild species. These
outbreaks are located near the National Park with wild buffaloes and the wild and domestic
animals share common grazing area and watering points.
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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
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Map 15: East Zimbabwe – FMDV outbreaks in Masvingo and Manicaland, July 2013 (OIE)
Swaziland and Lesotho are free from FMD Map 16: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013
without vaccination. Also, there is a zone in
both Botswana and Namibia which is FMD free
without vaccination, since 2010 and 1997
respectively (Map 16).
FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 7.
Table 7: Pool 6 FMD history 2011-2013
COUNTRY
ANGOLA
BOTSWANA
CONGO D. R.
MALAWI
MOZAMBIQUE
NAMIBIA
SOUTH AFRICA
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE
FMD HISTORY
FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in
2011 - 2013
NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS
1
SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3
4
O, A, SAT 1
1
2011 – SAT 2
1
2011 – SAT 2
1
SAT 1
1
SAT 11, SAT 2
5
1
SAT 1 , SAT 2
1
SAT 2
LAST OUTBREAK
REPORTED/SEROTYPE
1
DEC. 2010/ SAT 2
1
APR 2013
9
2011/2012 , NO PRECISE DATA
1
OCT 2011
1
JUN 2011/SAT 2
1
JAN 2012/SAT 1
1
APR 2012/SAT 2
5
JUN 2012/SAT 1
JUNE 2013/SAT 3
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G.
POOL 7 – South America
No new events have been reported for this period.
Most South America countries are Map 17: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013
FMD free with (Uruguay)/without
(Chile, Guyana) vaccination or with
free zones with/without vaccination.
Small areas of the continent are
considered as endemic but clinical
cases are rare (Map 17).
FMD history in past 2 years is given in
Table 8.
Table 8: Pool 7 FMD history 2010-2013
COUNTRY
ECUADOR
PARAGUAY
VENEZUELA
FMD HISTORY
FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in 2011 2013
LAST OUTBREAK
REPORTED/SEROTYPE
O
1, 8
AUG 2011/O
O
1, 8
DEC 2011/O
8
O, A
2011/O, A
1, 8
1, 8
8
2012 was the first year without reported FMD outbreaks in half a century in the Andean region.
According to official reports submitted to the OIE, in 2012 Peru completed more than eight
years without the presence of the disease, and Bolivia and Colombia 4 and 6 years,
respectively20.
20
Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation
July, 2013
IV.
REFERENCES
1. WAHID Interface – OIE World Animal Health Information Database
http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=home
2. Reports from FAO/EuFMD projects and field officers
3. Dr. Esther TO: Foot and Mouth Disease Hong Kong Situation, Update; Animal
Management Division Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, 10 August
2012
4. FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks (RESOLAB-FMD West Africa)
5. World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD), www.wrlfmd.org
6. Conference on Scientific Developments and Technical Challenges in the Progressive
Control of FMD in South Asia, New Delhi, India, 13-15 February 2012.
7. FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks (EARLN-FMD Eastern Africa)
8. SENASA, Argentina
9. SEAFMD
10. Open session of the EuFMD, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. 29-31 October 2012.
11. Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries. National Animal Disease Diagnostics
and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC) P.o. BOX 513, Entebbe, Uganda
12. Dr C Njagu (Division of Veterinary Field Services): Current status of the livestock sector in
Zimbabwe, ACWG MEETING OF 31STMAY 2012
13. Pakistan – FMD Bulletin, Vol. 1 (issue 4), Oct. – Dec., 2012
14. Laboratorie veterinarie de Goma, DRC
15. Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Indian Council of Agricultural Research,
Mukteswar Nainital Uttrakhand, 263138
16. OIE/China national FMD reference laboratory
17. Center for Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Tanzania, Veterinary Laboratory
Agency, Nelson Mandela/Temeke Yombo roads junction
18. FMD news, http://cadms.ucdavis.edu
19. Ministry of Agriculture Animal industry and fisheries, Uganda
20. Map
of
zones
in
Botswana,
Government
of
Botswana:
http://www.gov.bw/Global/Ministry%20of%20Agriculture/Veterinary%20Disease%20Con
trol%20Zones%20version%202_02_11.pdf
21. Jibat T, Berhanu Admassu, Tesfaye Rufael, Maximilian PO Baumann and Carsten J Pötzsch,
Impacts of foot-and-mouth disease on livelihoods in the Borena Plateau of Ethiopia.
Pastoralism:
Research,
Policy
and
Practice
2013,
3:5
(http://www.pastoralismjournal.com/content/3/1/5)
21