Download filum coelenterata (cnidaria)

FILUM
COELENTERATA
(CNIDARIA)
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Classification  formerly
2 phylum names
1. Coelenterata – hollow gut
2. Cnidaria – nettle
Basic characteristic
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2 body types
Polyp  Tubelike, usually sessile and
has a cylindrical body with a mouth
and tentacles at the upper free
end. Other end (aboral) usually
attached to a rock or other surface.
Thin Mesoglea layer. Corals and
Hydras are examples
Medusa; bell-shaped body/umbrella,
floating, tentacles and mouth facing
down, have thick mesoglea ex.
jellyfish
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Diploblastic- two germ layers
Phylum Cnidaria
Mesoglea  not true layer
Filum Cnidaria: ubur-ubur, terumbu karang, hydroids,
anemone laut
terumbu karang
hydroids
ubur-ubur
anemone laut
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Symmetry
 Radial
symmetry
Nervous System
 Nerve
Net- Cnidarians do not have a brain but
they have simple sensory receptors that detect
& respond to stimuli  evenly spaced
 Nerve net with stinging capsules called
nematocysts
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TERDIRI LIMA MACAM SEL
 SEL EPITEL OTOT(epitheliomuscle cells)
 SEL INTERSTISIAL(intertitial
cells)
 SEL CNIDOCYTE
 SEL KELENJAR LENDIR
(mucus -secreting cells)
 SEL SYARAF INDERA
(sensory nerve cells)

SEL EPITEL OTOT
BERUKURAN BESAR
MERUPAKAN PELINDUNG
TUBUH

SEL INTERTISIAL
BERUKURAN KECIL,AGAK
BULAT, NUKLEUS
BESAR,TDP SEL
SPERMA,SEL TELUR,
CNIDOCYTE
 DIDALAM CNIDOCYTE TDP
NEMATOCYTE BENTUKNYA
SPT KAPSUL,BULAT,
LONJONG. DIDLMNYA TDP
BENANG/PIPA/BERDURI,YG
DITEMBAKKAN KE LUAR
 NEMATOCYTE TDP DI
TENTAKEL DAN UJUNG ORAL
 SEL KELENJAR LENDIR
MENGHASILKAN LENDIR YANG
DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI PELINDUNG
UNTUK MENANGKAP MANGSA DAN
MELEKAT PADA SUBSTRAT
 SEL SYARAF BENTUK MIRIP
MULTIPOLAR NEURON,TERLETAK
PADA DASAR SEL EPITEL OTOT DEKAT
DAN SEJAJAR MESOGLEA.
 SEL INDRA PANJANG, LANGSING,
TEGAK LURUS EPIDERMIS. Pangkal sel
indera berhub dgn sel syaraf tersusun
seperti jala pd epidermis dekat
mesoglea.
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Lapisan epidermis terdiri atas: Sel Epitel Otot, Sel Interstisial,
Sel Cnidocyte, Sel Kelenjar Lendir, Sel Saraf Indera.
Mesoglea
Epithelio-muscle cell nucleus
Sensory cell
Pseudopodia
Cnidocyte
Cnidocil
Nutritive
muscle cell
Interstitial cell
Enzymatic
gland cell
Nerve cell
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Capturing Prey
LET’S EAT!!!
 cnidarians
are carnivores (eat meat) that use
tentacles arranged in a ring around their
mouth to capture prey
 when a “trigger” is stimulated on a stinging cell
called the cnidocyte, a harpoon/spear called
nematocyst shoots out & injects poison into
the prey
Capturing Prey: Cnidocyte and
Nematocyst at work: WE DO
WORK!!! 
Nematocyst
(harpoon)
Cnidocyte
(stinging cell)
TYPE NEMATOCYTE

PENGGULUNG (VOLVENT): berukuran kecil
berfungsi untuk menggulung mangsa
 PENUSUK (PENETRANT) : berukuran besar
mengandung 3 duri besar dan 3 deret duri kecil
berfungsi menyuntikkan racun ke dlm tubuh
mangsa
 TIPE PEREKAT (GLUTINANT): pipa halus yg
ujungnya terbuka dan menghasilkan perekat.

RACUN YG DIKELUARKAN HYDRA TDK
MEMBAHAYAKAN, NAMUN ADA SENGATAN
UBUR-UBUR Physalia dan cchironex sengatannya
sangat menyakitkan, panas bahkan dapat
mematikan.
 NEMATOCYTE hanya dipakai sekali, kemudian
dibuang.
 UNTUK MENGGANTINYA sel intertisial membuat
cnidocyte baru. Pada waktu memakan kehilangan
25% nematocyte.
 Penggantian kehilangan nematocyte tersebut
memerlukan waktu 48 jam.
Gastrodermis terdiri atas beberapa macam sel:
1. Sel Otot Pencerna yang Berflagela
2. Sel Kelenjar Enzim
3. Sel Kelenjar Lendir
Kecuali Hydra, kebanyakan Coelenterata mempunyai
nematocyst di dalam lapisan gastrodermis.
Pada beberapa jenis Hydra sp., di dalam gastrodermis
terdapat zoochlorella yang hidup bersimbiosis.
Digestion
 Sac
w/ a digestive cavity (gastrovascular
cavity) w/ a single opening that acts as a
mouth/anus
Jellyfish
Hydra
Digestion (cont.)
 food
is pushed into the gastrovascular cavity
where digestion begins (extracellular
digestion)
 undigested remains leave through the
mouth/anus
Respiration
 Diffusion-
oxygen from water moves into
sponge cells (high to low)
Excretion
 mouth/anus-
release waste
Reproduction
Asexual – budding- formation of outgrowths
that pinch off from parent to live independently
 Sexual- forms a zygote and free swimming
planula that settles on ocean floor
 *MOST ALTERNATE B/W POLYP &
MEDUSA LIFE FORM

Reproduction (cont.)
Phylogeny of Cnidaria
Cladogram based on
molecular systematic
data
Class Hydrozoa
 Most
varied and derived of the cnidarian
groups
 Includes freshwater species (hydra spp)
 Colonial species common
 Most have typical dimorphic life cycle
 Examples of polyp-only forms (hydra)
 Examples of medusa-only forms
(Gonionemus)
Atypical Hydrozoans

Hydra
–
–
–
Lacks medusa stage
Asexual - budding
Sexual - gametes
Atypical Hydrozoans
 Gonionemus
– reduced polyp form
 Colony
–
–
–
Colonial Hydrozoans
of specialized hydranths
Gonangia (gonozooids) – reproduction
Gastrozooids – feeding
Dactyolozooids – catching prey
hydranths
Colonial Hydrozoans
Colonial Hydrozoans

Portuguese Man-O-War (Physalia physalis)
 Polyp – air bag
 Feeding & reproductive hydranths - tentacles
Colonial
Hydrozoans
 Fire
–
Corals
NOT TRUE CORAL
• Hydrozoan colony
–
TRUE CORAL
• Anthozoan colony
–
Cnidocytes cause severe
pain
Dimorphic Life Cycle
and Reproductive
Modes
 Asexual
–
Budding
• Medusa buds
• Polyp buds
 Sexual
–
–
–
–
Gonadal tissue
Gametes
Fertilization,
embryogenesis
Planula larvae
Obelia Reproduction
Class Scyphozoa
 Typically
thought of as jellyfish & active
predators
 Range from thimble size to queen-size
mattresses
 Most have typical dimorphic life cycle
–
–
Polyp stage is atypical
Majority of life cycle spent in medusa form
 Mostly
medusas which reproduce sexually
 Polyp stages early in life
Scyphozoan Life Cycle
Aurelia aurita (Moon jelly)
Class Scyphozoa

Sea thimble jellyfish
(Linuche unguiculata),
Honduras
 Tiny jellyfish (< 1 inch)
that swarm in the spring
 Adults and larvae (“sea
lice”) may cause a
severe skin reaction in
humans
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

Upside down jellyfish
(Cassiopea
xamachana) from
Bermuda, with
zooxanthellae
 This specimen is
swimming up to the
surface, where its
reflection is visible
Class Scyphozoa
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
CNIDARIA
Class Scyphozoa

Jellyfish (Mastigias sp.,
family Rhizostomeae)
from Jellyfish Lake in
Palau, western Pacific
 Have lost their ability to
sting and depend on
zooxanthellae for
nutrition
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
CNIDARIA
Class Scyphozoa
 Lion’s Mane Jelly
(Cyanea capillata)
 Bell – 6 ft
 Tentacles – 120 ft
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqfCm58SB6Y
Class Cubozoa
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Cubozoa
 Carybdeid,
Darwin, Australia
 Carybdea
sivickisi
 South pacific
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Cubozoa
 Chironex fleckeri
 Size
of human head with
tentacles (4) up to 9 ft
long
 18-24 ft of tentacles can
deliver enough poison to
kill in <5 min.
Class Anthozoa
 Anemones
& Corals
 Lack medusa form
 Form colonies (especially coral)
Class Anthozoa

Largest class existing
only as polyps
 Includes anemones,
coral, sea pansies, sea
fans, and sea whips
 Nearly all contain
symbiotic algae,
dinoflagellates, in
exchange for food
 Many of the brilliant
colors come from the
algae

Some reproduce
asexually by budding
 Others sexual with
sperm and egg being
released into the ocean
where fertilization
occurs
 Zygotes develop into
planulae that settle and
develop into polyps
Class Anthozoa – Typical Polyp
Form
CNIDARIA
Class Anthozoa

giant anemone or
purple-tipped anemone
(Condylactis gigantea)
often harbors cleaning
shrimp among its
tentacles
 Common in Bermuda
and the Caribbean
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Anemone with Anemone Fish
Class Anthozoa – Hard Coral
–
6-fold symmetry
 Precipitate
Ca3(CO3)2 from sea
water to produce
skeletal structures
that become coral
reefs
 Contain
zooxanthella
 Hexacorallia
Class Anthozoa – soft corals
–
8-fold symmetry
 Form complex
tube-like skeletal
structures
 Lack zooxanthella
 Octocorallia
Reefs

Shallow tropical waters
 Hermatypic corals (Class Anthozoa, subclass
hexacorallia, order scleractinia)
 Contain symbiotic dinoflagellates
 Precipitate CaCO3 to form “exoskeleton”
Zooxanthella
 Green
algae
Atoll
Phylum Ctenophora
 Comb-jellies
–
Rows of cells with fused
cilia – comb-plates
 <100
species
 Lack cnidocytes
 Complete digestive tract
Ctenophore Morphology
Ctenophore Morphology
Ctenophore Body
Forms
 Biradial
–
–
symmetry
Two tentacle clusters
Even # comb rows\
 Some
are bilateral
terimakasih
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