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Review Questions L11: Plant Structure and Lab 7
1. For each organ, provide at its function (s) and explain how the structure of the organ makes it well
suited for its function.
Organ
Leaf
Function
Structure - function
Stem
Root
2. How are plant cells different from animal cells?
3. What is a vacuole and list two of its functions.
4. What are the three types of plastids and what is the primary function of each? Which cell type are
they each typically found in? In which plant organs would you expect to find a cell with the different
plastid types?
5. Plant cells have cell walls. Why do they need plasma membranes as well?
6. What is the difference between primary cell walls and secondary cell walls? Where are the
secondary cell walls located in relation to the plasma membrane and primary cell walls.
7. Provide 2 examples of cell types that have secondary cell walls. What advantage does this structure
give to this cell type? Can a cell continue to grow after the secondary cell walls has formed?
8. What are plasmodesmata? How do they impact what travels between cells?
9. Fill in the following table for each tissue type.
Tissue System
Tissue types
epidermis
periderm
ground tissue
schlerenchyma
collenchyma
xylem
phloem
Function of Tissue
Cell types found in
that tissue
10. Which of these cell types has secondary cell walls? What is the function of each of these cell
types?
a. parenchyma
b. collenchyma
c. sclerenchyma
11. Would the cross section of a “leaf” of a moss look the same as the cross section of a leaf of a fern
or an angiosperm? Why or why not?
Review Questions L12 Transport: Transpiration, Part 1
12. What parts of a plant are included in the apoplast route? the symplast route?
13. How are the ideal osmotic conditions for plant cells different from animal cells? What accounts for
that difference?
14. What is bulk flow? How is it different from osmosis?
15. What is transpiration? What function does it serve in the plant?
16.What is the difference between turgor pressure and tension?
17. Describe the process of transpiration., starting at what happens in the leaf, and ending with what
happens in the root.
18. What does the Cohesion-Tension Mechanism explain? What is cohesion? What is adhesion?
What causes the tension?
19. Would the Cohesion-Tension mechanism work if the vessels and tracheids were living cells?
Explain.
20. Does transpiration require the plant to use ATP?
21. How is cation exchange involved in the process of transpiration?
22. What is the function of the Casparian strip?
Review Questions: Hormone/Plant Response presentations (Chapter 39, pgs 824-835, 841-843)
22. For each of the hormones listed below, you should be able to:
1. List where the hormone is produced or found in the plant
2. Describe at least one effect the hormone has on the plant
Hormones
A. Auxin
B. Cytokinins
C. Gibberellins
D. Abscisic Acid
E. Ethylene
23. For each of the plant responses listed below, you should be able to:
1. Describe the behavior.
2. Briefly describe the underlying physiological mechanism for the behavior.
Response
F. Gravitropism / Thigmotropism