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BIOL 242 Objectives
Unit 1: Chaps 16, 17
Chapter 16 – Endocrine System
1. Describe the difference in structure and function between endocrine and exocrine
glands. Compare and contrast regulation by the endocrine and nervous systems.
2. Know the three types of hormones and how each type influences cell functioning.
Describe how amino acid and steroid based hormones create their effects. Explain the
second messenger model of action.
3. Describe for each endocrine gland (pineal gland, pituitary [hypophysis] gland, thyroid
gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, and testis):
− the hormone(s) secreted
− the function of the hormone(s)
− the method of regulation of each hormone
− the conditions that result from hypersecretion and hyposecretion
− primary vs. secondary hormone disorders
4. Understand the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
(anterior and posterior hypophysis).
5. Describe the structure of the adrenal gland including the function if the three zones
within the adrenal cortex. Contrast the secretion between the cortex and the medulla.
6. Describe the synthesis, storage, and secretion, and binding of thyroid hormone.
Chapter 17 – Blood
1. Describe the functions of blood
2. Differentiate between interstitial fluid, blood and lymph. Know the major
components of each fluid.
3. Know the structure, function, origin and development of erythrocytes, granulocytes
(neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), agranulocytes (monocytes and
lymphocytes), and thrombocytes (platelets). Understand the hematopoetic lineages of
each cell type and the role of hormones in the control of formed elements in the
blood.
4. Describe the structure and function of the hemoglobin molecule and the effects
produced by genetic variations of this molecule.
5. Describe the technique and significance of blood typing.
6. Understand hemostasis including both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways to blood
coagulation.