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“TRUTH IS ONE; SAGES CALL IT BY DIFFERENT NAMES”: THE ESSENCE OF HINDUISM A. INTRODUCTION B. BASIC BELIEFS C. HINDU DEITIES: THE MANIFESTATIONS OF GOD 1. Overview 2. Vishnu 3. Shiva 4. The Goddess 5. Other Gods D. WORSHIP E. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 1. Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2500 BCE – 1700 BCE) 2. The Vedic Age (c. 1700 BCE – 800 BCE) 3. Classical Hinduism (c. 700 BCE – 500 AD) 4. Contemporary Issues TERMS Samsara Karma Moksha Jnana-marga (the way of knowledge) Karma-marga (the way of action) Bhakti-marga (the way of devotion) Dharma The Four Purusharthas (artha, kama, dharma, moksha) Atman Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Aryans Dravidians Indra Agni Soma Vedas Samhitas (Rig-Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama-Veda, Atharva-Veda) Varnas (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra) Mauryan Empire (Ashoka) Second Gupta Empire (c. 319-490 AD) Upanishads Puranas Brahman Vaishnites, Shaivites, Shaktites Trimurti: Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu 1 Kalpa = 4.32 billion years Kaliyuga Nataraja (The Lord of the Dance) Linga Varanasi (Benares) Mahashivratri Avatars Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, Kalkin Ramayana Valmiki Sita Hanuman Lanka Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita Pandavas vs. Kauravas Arjuna Devi/Shakti/Goddess Sati Parvati Durga Kali Navaratri/Durga Puja Thuggee Lakshmi Diwali Ganesha