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Transcript 
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by Leslie Hendon,
University of Alabama,
Birmingham
7
HUMAN
ANATOMY
fifth edition
MARIEB | MALLATT | WILHELM
PART 5
Bones, Part 1:
The Axial
Skeleton
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions Vertebral Characteristics


Specific regions of the spine perform specific
functions
Types of movement that occur between vertebrae
 Flexion and extension
 Lateral flexion
 Rotation in the long axis
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cervical Vertebrae


Seven cervical vertebrae (C1 – C7) – smallest and
lightest vertebrae
C3 – C7 are typical cervical vertebrae
 Body is wider laterally
 Spinous processes are short and bifid (except C7)
 Vertebral foramen are large and triangular
 Transverse processes contain transverse foramina
 Superior articular facets face superoposteriorly
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cervical Vertebrae
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 7.2a
Cervical Vertebrae
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.17a
The Atlas



C1 is termed the atlas
Lacks a body and spinous process
Supports the skull
 Superior articular facets receive the occipital
condyles

Allows flexion and extension of neck
 Nodding the head “yes”
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Atlas
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.16a
The Atlas
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.16b
The Axis


Has a body and spinous process
Dens (odontoid process) projects superiorly
 Formed from fusion of the body of the atlas with
the axis
 Acts as a pivot for rotation of the atlas and skull
 Participates in rotating the head from side to side
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axis
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.16c
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