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Biological Macromolecules
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Monomers
monosaccharides like glucose,
fructose, galactose, NAG,
NAM
Polymers
plant starch -amylose
(glu-glu-glu)
Function
energy storage
-amylopectin
(glu-glu-glu)
energy storage
anim. starch (glycogen)
(glu-glu-glu-glu)
energy storage
cellulose
(glu-glu-glu-glu)
structural support
 1,4 glycosidic bonds
murein/peptidoglycan
(NAG-NAM-NAG-NAM)
structural support
 1,4 glycosidic bonds
chitin
(NAG-NAG-NAG-NAG)
structural support
triglycerides
(sat.=soilid greases, fats; unsat.=
liquid oils)
energy storage
phospholipids
membrane structure
sterols
hormones, membrane
structure
- catalysts (enzymes),
- motility (cilia, etc),
- membrane channels,
- hormones,
- structural support
(glu et al. used to make ATP)
Disaccharides:
sucrose (glu-fru), maltose (gluglu), lactose (gal-glu)
Structure

 1,4 glycosidic bonds
 1,4 + glycosidic bonds


 1,4 +  bonds, highly branched


 1,4 glycosidic bonds
Lipids
fatty acids; may also have
glycerol
More double bonds (unsaturated
bonds) in fatty acids makes them
more fluid
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
amino acids (peptides): 20
different kinds.
polypeptides or just "proteins"
glycerol
nucleotides:
deoxyribonucleotides
(bases: A,T,G, C)
deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA)
information storage
ribonucleotides
(bases: A,U,G,C)
ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
information transfer, ribosome
structure
3 fatty acids
glycerol,2 f.a.'s,phos.+variable
4 rings
peptide bonds
double stranded, bases H-bond strands
together
single stranded
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