Download Common Acids and Bases

Common Acids and Bases
Strong Acids:
HNO3
HCl
H2SO4
HClO4
HBr
HI
Nitric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Perchloric acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydroiodic acid
Common Acids in Biochemistry and Medicine:
Phosphoric acid
(H3PO4)
O
H
P
O
O
O
H
O
Carbonic acid
(H2CO3)
H
C
O
O
H
O
Acetic acid
(C2H4O2)
C
H3C
Citric acid
(C6H8O7)
H
O
H
O
H
O
OH
H2
C
C
O
H2
C
C
H
C
O
O
Lactic acid
(C3H6O3)
Pyruvic acid
(C3H4O3)
O
H3C
CH
C
O
H
O
H
O
H
O
H3C
C
O
C
C
O
H
Phosphate esters are
derived from phosphoric
acid. They are present in
ATP, DNA, and RNA.
When carbon dioxide (CO2)
dissolves in the blood,
carbonic acid is formed.
Acetic acid is central to the
metabolism of
carbohydrates and fats.
Citric acid is formed in the
citric acid cycle, the
metabolic pathway that
converts acetyl CoA into
carbon dioxide, water, and
energy.
Lactic acid is produced in
the absence of oxygen
during normal metabolism,
such as during intense
exercise.
Pyruvic acid is produced in
the metabolism of sugar.
Strong Bases:
KOH
Ba(OH)2
NaOH
Potassium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide (also kown
as lye)
Strontium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Lithium hydroxide
Sr(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
LiOH
Common Base s in Biochemistry and Medicine:
Ammonia (NH3)
H
N
H
H
Epinephrine
(Adrenaline)
OH
HO
C
H
CH2
N
CH3
Ammonia is one of the end
products of amino acid
metabolism
A hormone and a
neurotransmitter
H
HO
Dopamine
HO
CH2
CH2
N
H
A hormone and a
neurotransmitter
H
HO
H
Adenine
H
A part of many important
molecules involved in
energy production during
metabolism
N
N
N
N
N
H
Cl
Chlorphenamine
CH3
Pharmaceutical used as an
antihistamine
N
H3C
N
Ephedrine
OH
CH
H
H
C
CH3
N
CH3
Pharmaceutical used as a
decongestant