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Chapter 15. Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon
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15.1The Special Nature of Carbon and the Characteristics of Organic Molecules
o Structural Complexity of Organic Molecules
o Chemical Diversity of Organic Molecules
15.2The Structures and Classes of Hydrocarbons
o Carbon Skeletons and Hydrogen Skins
o Alkanes
o Dispersion Forces and the Physical Properties of Alkanes
o Constitutional Isomerism
o Chiral Molecules and Optical Isomerism
o Alkenes
o Geometric (Cis-Trans) Isomerism
o Alkynes
o Aromatic Hydrocarbons
o Catenated Inorganic Hydrides
15.3Some Important Classes of Organic Reactions
o Types of Organic Reactions
o Organic Redox Reactions
15.4Properties and Reactivities of Common Functional Groups
o Groups with Only Single Bonds
o Groups with Double Bonds
o Groups with Both Single and Double Bonds
o Groups with Triple Bonds
15.5The Monomer-Polymer Theme I: Synthetic Macromolecules
o Addition Polymers
o Condensation Polymers
15.6The Monomer-Polymer Theme II: Biological Macromolecules
o Sugars and Polysaccharides
o Amino Acids and Proteins
o Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Concepts and Skills to Review Before You Study This Chapter
1.
naming straight-chain alkanes (Section 2.8)
2.
constitutional isomerism (Section 3.2)
3.
∆EN and bond polarity (Section 9.5)
4.
resonance structures (Section 10.1)
5.
VSEPR theory (Section 10.2)
6.
orbital hybridization (Section 11.1)
7.
σ and π bonding (Section 11.2)
8.
intermolecular forces and synthetic and biological macromolecules (Sections 12.3, 12.7, and 13.2)
9.
properties of the Period 2 elements (Section 14.2)
10.
properties of the Group 4A(14) elements (Section 14.6)
C1 = meth- C2 = eth- C3 = prop- C4 = but- C5 = pent- C6 = hex- C7 = hept- C8 = oct- C9 = non- C10 =
dec- C11 = undec- C12 = dodec- C16 = hexadec- C18 = octadec- C20 = icos1. Molecular formula, condensed formula, line notation…..
2. Recognized functional groups
3. Physical properties : solubility, boiling point/melting point, density
4. Nomenclature : IUPAC/ common names, parent and substituents
5. Isomers (more from chapter 23!)
Note related
Structural isomers
Geometric isomers (cis/trans)
Optical isomers with chiral center
Identical
6. Reactions :
Addition
Elimination
Condensation
Electrolysis
Substitution
Oxidation
Reduction
Acid/base
7. Polymers :
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HBr → CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O