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Chern 256 Chap 21 Amino acid .
• Protein Degradation :-P~i-1 ~ lt:;st
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'f'~ ot'e,"
rx<e A"'\ {\~ A< •~
rn 'h"'+~ ~ ~K:s
sr~l"f<' --»A.,..·~· A. ;,.I -'!50\Jl-1~
1) fe'Ji~-\011-\M '6 rru.rtbl)IIS""-4 C..OV\tr~\ f>D\ni' <?nJrJn'lLJ
\-no t.tA{.o~
~ Qp,siv"oj N"-J4t+afn'\Jd Pfo'ie>flJ - ~ ei'\v< ¥on \oow 1-Y~tl.S)Ol-h~
Protein breakdown to amino acids
{9
H3~
(
~
o
"- nl
/
\I
,.. - c....._ MH
0
I
\
..
CN
Cl4 -c ;c ~,
~
fL
~
u
1
~
'\
~~~
l-
<:..
E)
-C>
C.-Te,ttr.Jnt./
+
~...A
h ~vo\
-~ ..
·~ ~ ~
"'-'
f..~g~'rlt.IJ ~ Prot~£~.S - ~IL~ fl-"p~
1
-Bov-.,11
2 ways Protein is degraded:
Or'"'~_,.
lysosome
C.. Cor.t"'-\hS ('....-';{)
e
Ubiquinated
• In c~f.Of)4S~
?!~
lubiqultinl-c-o-
+
E1-SH
1~ATP
0
f'-
0
II
JUbiquitin ~<;-S-El
J.
.l..
0\_C.tlve\''Y))
AMP+ PP);
II
IUbiquitin !-c~S-E1
~ E2-SH
2f'E1-SH
,
'
lJ lo, 4'11.> ff)\...J
I
fVot~illtf5
Chern 256
Z /I'/ J.l.
ure'\
Once the Amino acids are 'Free'
0
II
#
., c. .....e
'6:
"
urea
-OOC-CH 2-CH
a-Ketoglutarate
~t enS'j~
0
II
• R-c-coo-
+
-ooc-CH2-CH~COO-
a-Keto acid
w.o~~s +\\e D\rn »rV 0 ct e ,J
12. -=
I.J.~~~
Glutamate
CN~ ( Al"-t'll t\f;)
R () Q
~t\~- G -~ -D
fjf~i:Q
I'
Hz_N
Pyridoxal-5'phosphate (PLP)
-=::::
El'l:f~\¥...> r
A'"" aN6...,.vllnSTevQU-- hC\s
.......,r../' ~ ~
l'j ~
pg2
Chem 256
Z..//fa JJJ.,
pg3
Steps1 Br 1': Transimlnation:
a-Aminoaci
Lys-Enzyme
I
H2N:
•
NH2
_
H-C-H
0
~2-o,
~
12-e. roo"'" I
D-ftv.
""'~3 b~ f- o.J
«old
rr,...., f>
7+
c "'t! tv
(:!
CH3
H
Pyridoxami
phosphate (P P)enzyme
A
~'
~ 0/
-·d.v~' c VI A~t·i JJJP Pl (..J
(A rr-. '
1"\
0
d
tv"lnS
c.u ~ ld he_
1-e Y"t1 Lv
c
-
.a
0
ox~ loo.<...tt+~
e) 0
r-t-\.At,flA to -1\.u.., eo; 1 c'1 cU.
\?
~
-cNz.-Cti1- G-C-
a -c-oG
If
~~- CHt.-<:.
.1
kv ~1\
-
Chern 256
-------------------------
2J it./llo
,b)t.t {OY\1.
.K.~Jt5~N s·)5,
The Urea cycle-removal of the Amino group
0
&Slt"y$·)~ pg4
o<.- keto 5lvt'P.r atp
f)
II
+ ~/c'-TrCDi­
o
~f AM iNll fv,nJtJf1 t.e
(.PL- {))
G, IlAt-~ m ~
"Q.Q ~'1 {14 f 6}tYilo\ SL-
t-Hz.:tA
1 m.;
-
1 ,....
Frt> J LA ets
Ahu1im•
Cysteine
ICtto~O'\ \ L- ~ <;....P.s -h f~ /Ae~..tf. (oA
-Givc.o)e~Jc ~
M111bd
blkU>').A/
·~/
_,
G!ytin<'
&:-tin~
Thre<minu
Trypto)lhan
\(
l$ohmcinc
Aspartat<>
PlwnylalMi!1
Tymsif'H'
Gl~.tl.O'fle.q
G.~ r.IS'l'S
CliALO~
(:
D
I)
{d
(~3-C.-Cb,.-
lj)j vtJv~1J,
Argin)J'l("
ll>Ol1-'UI.'.l0+:'
:Vh:!-thfonim·
Vatin.f>
GJutrunuw
ilutnmlrw
ll)w1dinf·
l'rhtint•
Chern 256
2-/I6' JI h
pgl
More on Amino acid break down -. l
-.::=::
t:)
NADH + u+
~ y
NAD+
HO
\_ _/
n,,e-c-y-coo··· •
H
i
'
J·Lc-c-c-coo··
••
t
I
6
H NHt
NHt
a·Am1no-f}-ketobutyrate
01!
H C-·t~ll
1
Threonine
_ _ _ __..
Acetaldehyde
CM--1
0
5
!I
II;,C-.C-SCM
Aeetyi.CoA
H
1
OVJAt\,~ \ 'r.
HS
H
~ calbli'"\
i
I
lf.,c-c-coo·
•
I
?-('()()'
NH+3
NH#
Cysteine
,
;.J.d
@
H
I
J . r +s
Serine
H20
C"OJVlf\G ~~~~
m,s,
so~-. or
seN->
+
NH3
Methylating agen~S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) . .
-
~~~
~N~,_
}.::3 ~ '·
~~--h""'"
~
Methylating agent Tetrahydrofolate (THF)
~"H'
. '\CN 3
OV\
.~
'!I.Js "'VI"'
*
N).,..-- CP\-Iv'"f C+\7
H
HO:cQR·· .. ·
s~l4~elr(J$yj~~jbi.ll'llltj::(si{NI);·
s-•Ito.
d
"''
>- f>Tit ".·h h, .+, LJ
6 tt.t~',, ~ .!~ n+k.s~ -+\~' 'v
0~ f.6}~G O.Li'J
v
()
;J
llff'Pt J.tJ
v
I
Z-/1 '6 // t
Chem 256
pg2
-
Phenylalanine degraded to fumarate and acetoacetate
0
II
l>
1\
0-c. -c -o~
~~
~
II
0~
Pyruvate
-i
0
ll:.O"- c- coo-
aminotransferase
~
w
c~cH~-c-coo~Bloacetate
Amino
acid
ex-Keto
acid
H
..
Eseential and Nonessentil
Amino Acids in HtnnarHI
aminotransferase
.
~
Amino
acid
a-Keto
aminot.nmsferase.
acid
~
Ami.no
acid
./1
Hisfldine
Isoleucine
a-Keto
acid
Leucine
Lyalne
.I
Ho-c-coos
I
NH,i
Alanine
/
Glutamine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Glycine
Valine
Tyrosine
!\
C"'Anntlt
r'Y)~\Ct_..
"""~ ~h'\
-lQt\1-$
p,et
~
H
~
I
c-CH,-CH~-c.,....coo-
Hi
~Hj
..
Glutamine
.
'P
Glutamate
~thlonlne
1
0
Asparagine
_,/' Aspartate
Cy6lefne
~ 1 C V'OO")el W'\S
~tA\te-
Proline
Serine
I
"E t'..l~ r~ '1
MAI~-f'f"J
1?1-Jt::a1i C{ t. J~
0( ICttoac 1A