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GENE MUTATIONS Skeleton Outline I. II. III. What is a gene mutation? Change in DNA (Change in nucleotides) What is a mutagen? Something that causes a mutation (radiation?) Point mutations a. What is a point mutation? Change in one nucleotide base b. How are point mutations caused? Substitution, deletion, insertion c. What is an example of a resultant disease? Sickle cell anemia d. How might normal translation of DNA work? DNA TAC GCA TGG mRNA AUG CGU ACC Amino acid Met Arg Thr e. What would happen if a “G” substituted for an “A” on the first DNA codon? DNA TGC GCA TGG mRNA ACG CGU ACC Amino acid Thr Arg Thr IV. Frameshift mutations a. What is a frameshift mutation? Shifts the reading frame of the genetic message b. How are frameshift mutations caused? Deletion or Insertion c. What is an example of a resultant disease? Huntington’s Disease d. What would happen if an extra “T” inserted in the first DNA codon? DNA mRNA amino acid V. TAT CGC ATG AUA GCG UAC iso ala tyr G C Nothing! Types of Mutations: a. Deletion – one base is eliminated b. Insertion – one base is added c. Substitution – one or more bases take the place of other bases VI. Are deletions and insertions considered point mutations or frameshift mutations? both VII. Are substitutions considered point mutations or frameshift mutations? Point mutations VIII. Mutating DNA can change your body’s traits and functions. List 5 bodily changes that result from a mutation in DNA? a. ______________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________ d. ______________________________________________________________ e. ______________________________________________________________
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