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Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S REGIONS CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS This slide show courtesy of FreeTiiuPix.com Free educational resources photographed & written by Tiiu Roiser BAA, BEd. & Kevin Chorowiec OCT, BAS, BEd. © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Canada is a large country located in the northern part of the North American continent. Map image courtesy of http://d-maps.com/carte.php?lib=north_america_map&num_car=1407&lang=en.- Amended by FreeTiiuPix CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Countries may be divided into smaller portions in many ways. Smaller sub divisions of a country may be by…. Province State (US) Region In this presentation, we’ll be looking at regions. A “region” is…. an area that is defined by certain similar characteristics. It does not always have fixed boundaries. Regional characteristics may be: Physical Natural Human Cultural Let’s begin by having a look at Canada’s Provincial regions….. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Canada is made up of 10 Provinces and 3 Territories….. British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec Newfoundland & Labrador New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Yukon (Territory) North West Territory Nunavut (Territory) Artwork courtesy of © Philip Martin CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Just who are Canadians? 1. Aboriginal Peoples…. are descendants of the first peoples of Canada. 2. Immigrants… are people who were born in one country and have moved to Canada to live here permanently. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Aboriginal Peoples - Were the first people living in Canada about 500 years ago; - Aboriginal means “the original inhabitants”; - Sometimes the terms “Native” or “Indigenous” are used to mean the same thing; - There were many different cultural groups including Inuit and Métis; - Canada’s first people now refer to themselves as “First Nations” or “First Peoples of Canada”. Artwork courtesy of © Philip Martin CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Immigrants The first immigrants to Canada came from England and France. These new settlers lived in small groups called colonies. The 1st settlers were from France and are known as “Acadians”; Artwork courtesy of © Philip Martin Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Canada is now home to people from all countries…. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Artwork courtesy of © Philip Martin Canada’s population is made up of many different groups of races, religions and cultural backgrounds. Canada is proud to be a “multicultural” country. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com How big do you think Canada is compared to other countries in the world? What are the top 10 countries in size? Russia 17,098,242 Antarctica 14,000,000 (Note: This is a continent, not a country.) Canada 9,984,670 China 9,706,961 United States 9,629,091 Brazil 8,514,877 Australia 7,692,024 India 3,166,414 Argentina 2,780,400 Kazakhstan Algeria 2,724,900 2,381,741 square kilometers CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Canada’s provinces and territories are sometimes grouped as “regions”. Northern Canada Territories Atlantic Canada Western Canada Plains Central Canada http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/national/can_political_e CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Next we’ll examine some of Canada’s physical regions. Cordillera The North Hudson’s Bay Lowland Interior Plains (Prairies) The Canadian Shield Great lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands The Atlantic Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS THE CORDILLERA… - is a Spanish word that means mountain ranges; - covers most of the West Coast of Canada; The Cordillera includes: British Columbia, the Yukon, southwest Alberta and part of the North West Territories. Lake Morraine Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com The Cordillera…. - has a mild, wet climate that varies because of the mountains; - has coastal temperatures that are warmer than those inland; - has southern climates that are warmer than northern ones; Mountains outside town of Banff, Alberta CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The Cordillera…. - has a landscape of long chains of high, rugged mountains; - includes the Rocky and Coastal Mountains; - has parts of the region covered with forests. Scenery along the Icefields Parkway. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The beautiful scenery of the area make this region a favourite of tourists. Outside the town of Banff. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Tourists visiting the Columbia Icefield – Athabasca Glacier Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The biggest natural resources of the Cordillera region is forestry. Other resources include agriculture, fishing and mining (iron, lead, zinc, silver, copper and nickel). Most people living in the Cordillera region live in the extreme south lowlands (Vancouver) and the southern plateau where the climate is warmest. Castle Rock Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS THE CENTRAL PLAINS - PRAIRIES Canada’s Central Plains…. - are nestled between the Cordillera and the Canadian Shield; - include parts of the Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba; - are made up of two distinct ecozones: the southerly Prairies and the northern Boreal Plains; - are not just totally flat, although they have a general flat elevation; - three flat levels become lower as you move to the east; - topography also includes hills, low mountains, forests, wide river valleys; - has a climate of mild summers and very cold winters. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The major industry in the Prairies is agriculture which includes farming, both crops…. - wheat; -barley; -oats; -flax; -canola; -mustard, -potatoes; -corn; -sugar beets. A field of oats. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS And raising livestock such as cattle, swine and poultry. Why do you think this region is called Canada’s “breadbasket”? CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Not only do the farms in the Plains feed the rest of Canada, their produce is exported all around the world ! Pasta is made from wheat. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Tourists are drawn to the region to visit rodeos, stampedes and agricultural shows. In what part of this region do you think most people live? The population within the Plains is greatest in the southern region. Towns and cities are usually beside water sources. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Canadian Plains – The 2nd largest source for resources is mining - oil, natural gas, coal, potash, copper, zinc, gold and uranium; 3rd - Forest areas are harvested for lumber; 4th - Research and high technology sectors in Edmonton. Transportation Route ! The Plains are an important link for the transportation of goods all across Canada. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADIAN SHIELD - The largest of Canada’s physical regions is the Canadian Shield located in the centre of the country. Map image courtesy of http://d-maps.com/carte.php?lib=canada_map&num_car=15123&lang=en.- Amended by FreeTiiuPix Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com The Canadian Shield… - gets its name because of its shield shape; - is also called the “Boreal Shield” or “Laurentian Plateau”; - surrounds the Hudson’s Bay in the shape of a horseshoe; - includes the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Quebec, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador. Killarney Provincial Park, Northern Ontario CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The Canadian Shield… - makes up almost half of the land in Canada, but has few people living on it; - is composed of rocky mountains that are millions of years old; - has been eroded by water, ice, wind and glaciers and is now much flatter; - contains many lakes and rivers; - does not have much soil coverage. Grundy Lake Provincial Park, Northern Ontario Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The terrain of the Shield makes transportation in the area difficult. Road and railways routes need to be blasted through rock. Roadway in Sudbury, Ontario. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The rugged terrain makes for beautiful scenery. This area is a very popular tourist and camping destination. Grundy Lake Provincial Park, Ontario Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The Canadian Shield has a very shallow soil surface. However, trees without deep root systems such as fir, pine and spruce, do very well. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS In the Canadian Shield…. - many small towns and settlements began along the fur trading routes; - the population remains low due to the harsh climate, landscape and poor transportation; - communities must rely on the resources that immediately surround them. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Resources from the Canadian Shield include… - furs (hunting and trapping); - minerals (copper, gold, nickel, zinc and lead); - hydro electricity from many rivers and James Bay Hydro electric Project; - forestry; - tourism. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS – - encompass about 25% of the Province of Ontario but is also part of Manitoba and Quebec; - is the largest wetland in North America and one of the largest in the world; - contains peat lands – bogs and fens – cover the landscape; - very few, small, First Nations settlements can be found. Map image courtesy of http://d-maps.com/carte.php?lib=canada_map&num_car=15123&lang=en. – Amended by FreeTiiuPix Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS CANADA’S NORTHERN REGION…. - lies within the Arctic and Taiga ecozones; - includes parts of the Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Northern Quebec and the extreme tip of Labrador and Newfoundland; - is the most northerly part of the country; - is a mix of the Cordillera, Plains and the Canadian Shield. Artwork courtesy of © Philip Martin Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com Canada’s Northern Region…. - is a landscape where the ground is frozen all year (permafrost) and known as “tundra”; - Arctic - has low-lying vegetation of mosses, lichens, herbs and dwarf shrubs; - is too cold for trees to grow; - the Taiga has sticklike forests of spruce and fir interspersed with wetlands; - environment of ecozones is fragile, slow to change & easy to disturb; - in summer, a few centimeters thaws and forms lakes & swamps; - contains glaciers, fjords, barren tundra, mounds of solid ice, northern lights (aurora borealis) and the polar ice pack; - has six months of light and six months of darkness. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Canada’s Northern Region…. - The landscape of the North affects how houses are constructed and where settlements are found; - People live near a water source for food, recreation and transportation; - They move about by using trains, trucks, boats, snowmobiles, small airplanes and dog sleds; - Developers search the area for minerals, gas and oil. Many off shore drilling rigs can be found off the coastal areas. - The environment is vulnerable. Hunting, trapping and fishing are critical to the survival of the Northern population. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Canada’s Northern Region…. - includes mines for zinc, lead, diamonds and gold. This area has the lowest human population in Canada. Note: Although Canada’s North includes the lowest human population of Canada, it is this region that uneducated people think that all of Canada looks like. Artwork courtesy of © Philip Martin Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS THE ATLANTIC REGION… - is located at east coast of Canada; - also known as the “Appalachian Highlands”; - rich in natural resources & history; - first place explorers came & set up settlements; - includes Newfoundland & Labrador + Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and most of the Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec; - includes the Gulf of St. Lawrence as well as the Canadian coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Cabot Trail, Cape Breton Island Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Industry in the Atlantic Region is dependent upon natural resources and Canada’s Atlantic coasts. It includes fishing, farming, forestry, mining, shipping, hydroelectricity and tourism. Halifax has Canada’s largest deep-water and ice-free port and is home to Canada’s largest naval base. Fishing village in Prince Edward Island Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The fishing industry has seen some over-fishing and some Cod populations were nearly wiped out. What are some good ways to manage Canada’s resources? Fishing village in Prince Edward Island Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The Appalachian Highlands provide minerals for mining – iron, zinc and gold. Cabot Trail, Cape Breton Island Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Trees are used to produce pulp and paper. The Hibernia oil field near Newfoundland and Labrador provides income for out of work fishermen. Cabot Trail, Cape Breton Island Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Some areas of the Atlantic have excellent soils. Although agriculture is not as popular as in other regions, there is farming of grains, vegetables, fruits and cows for milk. Prince Edward Island’s red soil is excellent for growing potatoes. Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS THE GREAT LAKES & ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS… The Great Lakes Lowland region… - is located mainly in Southern Ontario; - is an area once covered by glaciers; - is covered with sand, dust, rocks and mud; - is subject to the effects of surrounding water; - has hot and humid weather in the summer with cold winters. Niagara Falls, Ontario Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS The Great Lakes Lowland region has numerous industries - manufacturing, construction, power generation, mining, agriculture, forestry and fishing. The lakes themselves are a freshwater resource for the region. Horseshoe Falls, Ontario CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com The St. Lawrence Lowland is located along the St. Lawrence river from Cornwall, Ontario to Quebec City, Quebec. The St. Lawrence Lowlands… - have rich soils excellent for growing crops; - are the closest area in Canada to the equator and have mild weather. - Winters are unpredictable with snow and lots of precipitation. St. Lawrence River Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS This region has the best water sources in Canada because it includes the St. Lawrence River, Niagara Falls and the Great Lakes. Retreating glaciers left behind lakes and rivers and plenty of fresh water. Horseshoe Falls, Ontario Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Natural resources in the Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Lowlands are found in the rocks. Minerals include iron ore, zinc, silver, coal, copper and lead. About half of all jobs in the St. Lawrence, Great Lakes Lowlands are connected with the manufacturing industry. Manufacturing plants are built in the area because…. - water provides hydro power for the plants; - minerals are found nearby; - high population density for workers; - solid bedrock upon which to build plants & use machinery. Artwork courtesy of © Philip Martin Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com St. Lawrence/Greak Lakes Lowlands… - has 2nd largest farming area in Canada; - has rich soil, flat lands and a long growing season that is warm and humid; - crops include: apples, peaches, cherries, asparagus, tomatoes, strawberries, grapes, soybeans, corn and tobacco; - about 70% of the land in the region is used for hay, pasture and field grains. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com The St. Lawrence, Great Lakes Lowlands…. has the greatest concentration of large cities in Canada. Downtown Toronto, Ontario CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Fun Facts…. When Canadians are identified by the languages they speak, they are known as… Francophones = people whose mother tongue or first language is French; Anglophones = people whose mother tongue or first language is English; Allophones = people whose mother tongue or first language is not French or English, but another language. CANADA’S CANADA’SREGIONS REGIONS Our Our Natural Natural World World © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com This slide show presentation courtesy of FreeTiiuPix.com. Free educational resources photographed & written by Tiiu Roiser, BAA, Bed. & Kevin Chorowiec OCT, BAS, BEd. This presentation may only be used in a non-commercial manner and setting. It may be used for personal and educational purposes provided that: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Only one copy of the Presentation is downloaded to your computer; The Presentation may NOT be uploaded to your personal website, classroom website, nor school website; The Presentation may NOT be posted or shared on a presentation sharing site such as SlideShare or similar website; The Presentation may NOT be shared or posted on a network; Use of any Images or text within the Presentation is subject to the Terms of Use found on www.FreeTiiuPix.com You may NOT remix the content, delete/add slides nor remove the copyright or other proprietary notices and source citations embedded in or attached to this content. Visit www.FreeTiiuPix.com for Terms of Use & FAQ including more free slideshow presentations and high resolution images. Sources: http://www.canadianstudies.ca/ http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/notices.asp http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=HomePage&Params=A1 http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Biodiversity/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_166949.html http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/national/can_political_e Philip Martin artwork © Philip Martin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. © 2013 FreeTiiuPix.com All rights reserved. This copyright notice must remain intact and part of the Presentation.
